丘陵山区果园机械化技术与装备研究进展

中国果园种植面积大，主要集中在丘陵山区，受地形条件和种植模式影响，丘陵果园机械化程度普遍偏低，随着产业结构的调整，果园机械化的发展程度将直接影响其经济效益。本文分析了中国果园分布情况与丘陵果园种植特点，概述了丘陵果园的机械化发展程度，并分析了制约其发展的原因，阐述了机械动力底盘、多功能作业平台、果树修剪机械、植保机械以及采摘收获机械等果园主要装备和技术的研究现状和进展，并对部分果园机械的生产与推广应用情况进行调研分析。在此基础上指出丘陵果园机械化发展面临的问题，认为缺乏对复杂环境的适应能力是制约丘陵果园机械化发展的关键，对果园改建和机械装备研究等提出了发展建议。

Review on Technology and Equipment of Mechanization in Hilly Orchard

Orchards occupy large planting areas in China, which were mainly concentrated in hilly and mountainous regions. Due to the impact from topographical conditions and planting patterns, the mechanization in hilly orchards generally presented a low standard. With the adjustment of industrial structure, the mechanization level of orchard work would be directly related to economic benefits. The distribution and planting characteristics of the orchards in China were firstly analyzed. Current level of the mechanization in hilly orchards was introduced and the developing restrictions were analyzed. Then, the research status of the main orchard machinery, such as power chassis, operating platform, fruit tree pruning machinery, plant-protection machinery and picking-and-harvesting machinery, was demonstrated. Moreover, the production, application and promotion of some orchard machinery were investigated and analyzed. Based on the survey, the issues of the mechanization in hilly orchards were summarized, indicating that lack of adaptability to complex environment was the key to restrict the process of the mechanization in hilly orchards. Furthermore, the suggestions for both orchard reconstruction and the development of mechanical equipment were proposed.