农业机械化与农业国际竞争力的关系研究

参考波特教授对产业国际竞争力的定义,明确提出了农业国际竞争力要具有“更高的农业劳动生产率”要求,将影响农业国际竞争力的因素归纳为竞争能力（内因)和竞争环境(外因)两大方面,并得出农业生产要素状况是影响农业国际竞争力强弱的根本原因的结论。在由传统农业向现代农业发展的历史阶段,机械性的劳动资料(农业机械)又是农业生产要素中影响农业国际竞争力的关键因素,农业机械化水平是形成农业国际竞争力的核心能力,农业机械化水平的高低决定着农业国际竞争力的强弱。提出农业机械化过程是技术进步和新陈代谢过程,对农业机械化投入将产生内生增长的良性循环效应,产生收益递增,从而提高农业的竞争能力。中国应走适应新型工业化道路和有效提高我国农业国际竞争力的新型农业机械化道路,突出多样化、综合性、优质高效性,选择技术进步与发挥劳动资源优势相结合的组合型农业机械化技术路线。

Study on the Relationship Between Agricultural Mechanization and Agricultural International Competitiveness

This paper stated that the agricultural international competitiveness requires "higher efficiency of agriculture", and partitions the factors affecting the agricultural international competitiveness into competitive abilities (internal factor) and competitive environments (external factor). It is believed that the agricultural production elements are the key factors, which influences the agricultural international competitiveness. This paper also discussed the principles, technical courses and development strategies for improving agricultural international competitiveness and for the development of agricultural mechanization in the new era. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used in the analysis to indicate that in the transition period from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, agricultural mechanization is the key factor influencing the agricultural international competitiveness. The level of agricultural mechanization is the core to form agricultural international competitiveness, which determines the strength or weakness of agricultural international competitiveness. It is stated that the process of agricultural mechanization is a process of technique progress and metabolism. An investment in the mechanization will result in an internal increment. Then the agricultural competitiveness will be increased by the favorable feedback effect. China should be on a new course of industrialization and mechanization that can boost agricultural international competitiveness, focus on diversity, comprehensiveness and high efficiency. Also, China should choose a combinatorial agricultural mechanization strategy that combines the technique progresses and labor resources.