山东高效农业模式下田间管理装备研究进展与对策

现代高效农业是追求经济、社会和生态综合效益最佳的现代农业产业,其发展面临着资源和环境双重压力。从产品设计与制造、机械除草、变量施肥和精准施药等角度深入分析国内外田间管理主要环节作业装备的研发现状,指出肥药资源的精准供给和农机资源的高效利用是山东省高效农业模式下田间管理装备发展面临的两大关键问题。对此,提出在田间管理全环节的关键基础理论和核心技术突破基础上,通过“以机代药”和智能化技术有机融合,实现减药降污及作业过程的精确感知与精准管控,在保证农艺要求的同时减少资源浪费,缓解生态安全问题;提出通过模块化设计使农机装备得以“按需组装”,实现高效利用;并结合现代传感、物联网等先进技术手段将田间管理装备作业过程纳入到智能农业互联网平台,构建全新高可靠农机大数据,从而实现全农艺环节的高质高效,促进山东省现代高效农业的发展。

Development and countermeasures of field management equipmentfor Shandong modern efficient agriculture

Modern efficient agriculture is a modern agricultural industry with the best economic,social and ecological benefits.Its development is under the pressure of resources and environment.This paper deeply analyzes the research and development status of field management equipment from the aspects of product design and manufacturing,mechanical weeding,variable fertilization and precision spraying,and points out that the precise supply of fertilizer resources and the efficient use of agricultural machinery resources are two key problems facing the development of field management equipment under the high efficient agricultural model in Shandong Province.Thus,on the basis of the key basic theories and key technological breakthroughs in the whole field management process,this paper proposes that we can decrease the fertilizer and pollution and realize the accurate perception and precise control of operation process via the organic fusion of“Replace medicine with machine”and intelligent technology.The field management equipment development model based on modular design was raised so that the agricultural machinery equipment can be“assembled with demand”to achieve efficient use.Combined with modern sensing,system network and other advanced technologies,the field management equipment operation process is integrated into the intelligent agricultural internet platform,and a new high reliability agricultural machine data will be constructed,so as to achieve the high quality and high efficiency of the whole agronomy link and promote the development of modern efficient agriculture in Shandong Province.