剑麻收获机械研究现状与展望

剑麻机械化收获是实现剑麻生产全程机械化的重要环节,目前剑麻人工收获劳动强度大、效率低、成本高,实现机械化收获是急需解决的问题。近年来国内外剑麻收获机械研究进展缓慢,研究成果整体实际运用效果差。介绍我国手持式、手推式、自走式、搭载式剑麻收获装置的结构特点,分析阻碍我国剑麻收获装置研发及推广应用的主要原因:手持式费力,手推式不灵活,自走式通用性差;剑麻自身特性导致机械化收获难度大;农机与农艺不融合。通过对不同切割刀具使用性能对比和对下刀方式、切割方式、割叶路径的分析,提出我国剑麻收获机的设计思路和发展建议,为剑麻收获机的研制提供参考。

Research status and the prospect of sisal hemp harvesting machinery

The mechanized harvesting of sisal hemp is an important link to achieve full mechanization of sisal hemp production. At present, the manual harvesting of sisal hemp has high labor intensity, low efficiency, and high cost. It is an urgent problem to realize mechanized harvest. In recent years, the research of sisal hemp harvesting machinery at home and abroad has progressed slowly, the overall practical application effect of research results is poor. This paper focuses on the structural characteristics of Chinas hand held, hand push, self propelled sisal hemp harvesting devices and analyze the main reasons for hindering development and popularization: labor intensity, inflexibility, poor versatility, and mechanical harvest difficulty caused by the characteristics of sisal hemp as well the non fusion between agricultural machinery and agronomy. By comparing the performance of different cutting tools and analyzing the cutting mode and path, this paper put forward the design ideas and developed recommendations for sisal hemp harvester in China. It provided a reference for the development of sisal hemp harvesters in the future in China.