小麦高低畦宽苗带播种机设计与试验

根据井灌区小麦的种植特点,设计一种新型的小麦高低畦宽苗带播种机,集造畦、施肥、播种、镇压于一体,实现小麦高低畦宽苗带种植,解决传统小麦小畦种植模式土地利用率低、光热损失大、小麦群体不足等问题。设计浮动式播种单体,提升播幅内播深一致性;设计错位组合式双圆盘开沟器组,实现小麦宽苗带播种,苗带宽度达到9 cm以上;设计“凸”形螺旋绞龙高低畦成形机构,疏松的土壤在大绞龙螺旋叶片的作用下沿导线方向分向两侧,堆积的土壤在小绞龙螺旋叶片的作用下继续沿导线方向输送并完成土壤的搅匀,最终形成剖面呈“凹”型的高低畦地表构造,实现小麦高低畦种植;设计悬浮式播种施肥驱动装置,滑移率减小到2%以下,减少漏播率。田间试验表明,播深平均为3.2 cm,播深合格率为93.6%,高低畦高度差平均为10.32 cm,该播种机作业性能达到设计要求,符合当地农艺要求。

Design and experiment of wheat high-low-border wide seedling belt planter

According to the planting characteristics of wheat in the well-irrigated area,a new type of wheat high-low-border and wide seedling belt planter was designed,which integrates planting,fertilization,seeding and suppression.It realizes the high-low-border and wide seedling belt planting of wheat and solves the problem of traditional wheat seedlings.The border planting model has problems such as low land utilization,large losses of light and heat,and insufficient wheat populations.Floating seeding monomers was designed to improve the consistency of seeding depth within the sowing width.Staggered combined double circle was designed.The pan opener group realized the wide seedling belt sowing of wheat,and the width of the seedling belt was more than 9 cm.A“convex”spiral auger height forming mechanism was designed.The loose soil was divided into two sides along the wire direction under the action of the large auger spiral blades.Under the action of the screw blades of the small screw auger,the accumulated soil would continue to be transported along the wire and the soil would be evenly stirred.Finally,a“concave”section of the high-low border surface structure was formed,which realizing the high-low border planting of wheat.The suspension type seeding and fertilizing drive device was designed to reduce the slip rate to less than 2%and reduce the missed seeding rate.Field tests showed that the average seeding depth was 3.2 cm,the seeding depth pass rate was 93.6%,and the height difference between high and low borders averaged 10.32 cm.The operating performance of the planter met the design requirements and conformed to the local agronomic requirements.