水肥一体化系统首部研究现状与展望

为分析当前水肥一体化系统首部存在的问题及探索其发展方向,首先,以施肥机和灌溉系统匹配方式为依据,对系统首部进行分类,阐明支管路注肥旁通式系统首部和主管路肥料预混式系统首部的结构和原理;其次,总结常见的施肥机控制系统实现方式,分析单机控制系统和网络型控制系统的控制方式和控制逻辑,以及各种控制方式的优缺点;第三,对目前新兴的水肥一体化+新技术(装备)进行总结,阐述水肥一体化与传统技术装备融合的过程中出现的新技术、新装备;第四,指出系统首部存在的主要问题,主要论证首部控制系统的控制逻辑难以农艺管理相适应、难以按相应阈值自动启停等短板问题,以及土壤与作物生理信息原位在线检测技术、按不同作物的需水需肥规律进行水肥决策等难点问题;最后,探讨系统首部的发展方向,终端型设备向小型化便携式发展,控制中心型系统首部与边缘计算的智能网关相结合,智能控制系统应与具体种植模式和庄稼结合精细化设计,从而实现无人化管理。

Research status and prospect of the head of fertigation system

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems existing in the first part of the current water and fertilizer integration system and explore its development direction.Firstly,according to the matching mode of fertilizer applicator and irrigation system,the head of the system was classified,and the structure and principle of the head part of the bypass system for fertilizer injection in the branch road and the head part of the fertilizer premixed system in the main pipeline were clarified.Secondly,the common implementation methods of the fertilizer applicator control system were summarized,and the control mode and control logic of the single machine control system and the network control system were analyzed.The advantages and disadvantages of various control methods were analyzed.Thirdly,it was summarized the current emerging water and fertilizer integration+new technology(equipment),expounded the new technology and new equipment in the process of integration of water and fertilizer and traditional technology and equipment;Fourthly,it was pointed out the main problems of the head of the system,mainly demonstrates that the control logic of the head control system was difficult to adapt to the agronomic management and difficult to follow the phase.Finally,the development direction of the system head was discussed,terminal equipment was developed to miniaturize and portable,the intelligent control system was combined with the intelligent gateway of edge calculation.It should be combined with the specific planting mode and crops to realize the unmanned management.