茶树植保机械及减量施药技术研究进展

农药防治是茶树病虫害综合防治的重要组成部分,其在病虫害突发或爆发时具有快速高效的防治优势。茶树叶片表面具有亲水性,常量施药会造成茶叶农残超标、生态环境破坏等问题,实现茶树减量施药是减少茶叶农残的有效手段。系统综述了茶树生物特性、茶树病虫害预测诊断及防治方法、茶树植保机械及施药技术,强调提高茶树低容量喷雾的农药有效利用率是实现茶树减量施药的关键。针对目前茶园地面工况复杂及农药利用率低的问题,本文从低容量仿形喷雾机、茶树病虫害喷雾决策及智能终端等六个方面提出茶树病虫害施药技术及装备的研究建议,指出低量化、精准化及智能化是未来茶树植保喷雾机械及施药技术的发展方向。

Research progress of tea tree protection machinery and reduced pesticide application technology

Chemical control is an important part of the comprehensive prevention and control of tea tree pests and diseases. It has the advantage of rapid and effective prevention and control when the pests and diseases are sudden or explosive. The surface of tea leaves is hydrophilic, and the constant application of pesticides can cause problems such as excessive pesticide residues in tea and damage to the ecological environment. Realizing reduced pesticide application of tea trees is an effective method to reduce pesticide residues in tea. The biological characteristics of tea trees, the predictive diagnosis and control methods of tea tree diseases and insect pests, tea tree protection machinery, and pesticide application technology were systematically reviewed. It was emphasized that improving the effective utilization of pesticides in low volume spraying of tea tree was the key to reducing tea tree application. In response to the current problems of complex ground conditions and low pesticide utilization in tea gardens, research recommendations on tea tree pests and diseases application technology and equipment had been put forward from six aspects, including low volume profiling sprayers, tea tree pests and diseases spray decision making, and intelligent terminals. It was pointed out that low quantification, precision, and intelligence were the future development direction of tea tree protection spray machinery and application technology.