秸秆回收式玉米收获机割台设计与试验

针对玉米收获后玉米秸秆散落,二次捡拾含杂率高,造成环境污染与资源浪费等问题,提出一种秸秆回收式玉米收获机割台装置。割台装置分上下两部分:上层部分主要有摘穗齿轮箱、摘穗装置、拨禾轮以及分禾器;下层部分主要有秸秆切茬装置和揉切装置。对秸秆回收式割台装置的揉切装置和切茬装置进行试验研究,对揉切装置的动刀片和动刀主轴静力学分析后,制作样机并进行田间试验。试验结果表明,秸秆回收式玉米收获机割台的落地籽粒损失率为1.84%,果穗损失率为1.71%,籽粒破损率平均值为0.73%,秸秆的平均留茬高度为96.2mm,秸秆揉切长度合格率平均为90.04%,秸秆回收率达95.78%,主要性能指标达到预期试验目标,本研究为秸秆回收式玉米收获机割台设计和改进提供了理论参考。

Design and experiment on the type of the straw recycling header for the corn harvester

The problems of harvested straw with higher impurities,environmental pollution and corn straw resource waste caused by the traditional harvest method which the corn straw scattered on the field after harvest were urgent to be solved.The design and experiment on the type of the straw recycling harvester header in this paper provided a solution for these problems,which lied in its collecting and cutting straw and conveying functions.The cutting header device is divided into two parts,the upper part mainly consisted of corn picking gear box,ear snapping device,corn plants divider.The lower part mainly consisted of the straw stubble cutting device and the straw cutting device.This study in this paper mainly calculated and analyzed the key parts of the straw reaping platform included the straw cutting blades,blades group and cutter shaft and so on.After the statics analysis of the moving blade and the cutter shaft of the cutting device,the machine prototype was made for the field trials.Test results showed that the average of the grain loss rate of harvester header reached 1.84%,the average corncob loss rate was 1.71%,the average grain breakage rate get to 0.73%under the average of straw stubble height of 96.2mm,the average qualified rate of straw cutting was of 90.04%,the straw recycling rate was of 95.78%.So the performance indexes of the straw recycling header met the design requirements and targets,the study results can provided a reference for the straw recycling harvester and the related machine design.