基于Comsol和BBD的折流板太阳能空气集热器结构优化

太阳能空气集热器是太阳能干燥系统的重要部件，集热器结构设计对集热性能具有重要影响。设计一款基础折流板集热器，通过太阳能模拟器测试集热器在一定边界和材料参数条件下的出口温度。基于Solidworks和Comsol构建集热器三维实体模型，采用reliable k ε湍流模型数值研究集热器的集热性能。结果表明，出口温度试验值和模拟值相对误差小于0.70%，数值模拟有效，可靠性高。基于BBD（Box Behnken Design）试验和响应面法，研究折流板不同倾斜角度组合对集热性能的影响，分析试验结果得到最佳参数组合：折流板1倾斜角度为-10°，折流板2倾斜角度为10°，折流板3倾斜角度为-10°，折流板4倾斜角度为10°，并以此优化集热器折流板布置，得到一款倾斜折流板集热器。与基础折流板集热器相比，倾斜折流板集热器出口温度升高1.63 K，集热效率提升4.01%，入口、出口压力损失降低44.80%。基于流体旁通效应，对折流板进行开孔，进一步优化吸热板的积热和流场分布，得到一款开孔型倾斜折流板集热器。与基础折流板集热器相比，开孔型倾斜折流板集热器出口温度升高2.03 K，集热效率提升4.99%，入口、出口压力损失降低43.13%。对开孔型倾斜折流板集热器入口风速条件进行单因素试验，得到较优的入口风速条件，即0.5~1.0 m/s，可以满足农产品太阳能干燥需求。

Structural optimization of baffled solar air collector based on Comsol and BBD

The solar air collector is an important component of the solar drying system, and the structure design of the collector has an important impact on the heat collection performance. In this paper, a basic baffle collector was designed, and the outlet temperature of the collector under certain boundary and material parameters was tested through a solar simulator. A three dimensional solid model of the collector was constructed based on Solidworks and Comsol, and the collectors heat collection performance was numerically investigated using the realizable k ε turbulence model. The results showed that the relative error between the test value of the outlet temperature and the simulated value was less than 070%, and the numerical simulation was effective and reliable. Based on the BBD (Box Behnken Design) test and response surface method, the effect of different inclination angle combinations of baffles on the collector performance was investigated, and the best combination of parameters was obtained by analyzing the test results: the inclination angle of baffle 1 is -10°, the inclination angle of baffle 2 is 10°, the inclination angle of baffle 3 is -10°, and the inclination angle of baffle 4 is 10°, which was used to optimize the collector baffles arrangement and obtain an inclination baffles collector. Compared with the basic baffle collector, the outlet temperature of the inclined baffle collector was increased by 1.63 K, the heat collection efficiency was increased by 4.01%, and the inlet and outlet pressure loss was reduced by 44.80%. Based on the fluid bypass effect, several circular holes were drilled in the baffles to further optimize the heat accumulation and flow field distribution of the heat absorbing plate, and an open hole type inclined baffle heat collector is obtained. Compared with the basic baffle collector, the outlet temperature of the open hole type inclined baffle collector was increased by 2.03 K, the heat collection efficiency was increased by 4.99%, and the inlet and outlet pressure loss were reduced by 43.13%. A single factor simulation test was carried out on the inlet air speed conditions of the open hole type inclined baffle collector, and a better inlet air speed condition was obtained, i.e., 0.5-1.0 m/s, which meets the requirements of agricultural solar drying.