大蒜仿形浮动切根机构运动特性分析与仿真

为深入研究大蒜仿形浮动切根机构作业机理，进一步提升仿形浮动切根作业质量，开展切根机构仿形浮动作业过程运动学解析，构建切根机构浮动位移量数学模型、回转切刀刃口轨迹曲面数学模型、切刀刃口切割速度数学模型，探明切根机构结构参数和运动参数对仿形浮动切根作业过程的影响；同时，通过ADAMS虚拟样机仿真试验，获取切刀运动轨迹曲线、时间—切割速度曲线和位移—切割速度曲线，分析不同切刀转速、切刀数量、刃口位置点、切刀位移等对切割次数、漏切区、切刀运动轨迹、切割速度的影响。研究结果表明，通过合理设置切根机构结构参数和运动参数，可有效实现机构的仿形浮动切割作业，提升切根作业效果；当蒜株输送速度为1 m/s、切刀倾斜角度为33°、回转切刀转速为2 600 r/min时，根盘处的根系被单个切刀刃口旋转最高点的切割次数可达到2次，且漏切区面积很小；当蒜株输送速度为1 m/s、切刀倾斜角度为33°、回转切刀转速为1 000 r/min、切刀数量为4片时，根盘处的根系被所有切刀的刃口旋转最高点的切割次数为2次，且漏切区面积很小。该研究可为大蒜联合收获仿形浮动切根作业机理研究和机构优化提供理论参考。

Kinematical characteristics analysis and simulation of garlic root profiling floating cutting mechanism

To further investigate the operation mechanism and improve the cutting quality of the root profiling floating cutting mechanism, the kinematic characteristics of the profiling floating operation process of the cutting mechanism were analyzed in this paper. Mathematical model of the floating displacement of the cutting mechanism, rotary cutter blades trajectory surface, and cutter blades cutting speed were measured. The influences of the structure and kinematic parameters of the root cutting mechanism on profiling floating cutting were explored. Simultaneously, the cutter motion trajectory curve, time cutting speed curve, and displacement cutting speed curve were obtained using the ADAMS virtual prototype simulation test. Also, the influences of cutter rotational speed, cutter quantity, cutter blade position and displacement on cutting times, missed cutting area, cutter motion trajectory, and cutting speed were analyzed. The research results show that by setting the structure and kinematic parameters of the root cutting mechanism reasonably, the profiling floating cutting operation of the machine can be effectively realized, and the root cutting operation effect can be improved. When the conveying speed was 1 m/s, the cutter angle was 33°, and the rotational speed of the cutter was 2 600 r/min. The number of root cuts could reach 2 times by the rotated highest point of single cutting edge, and the missing cutting area was minimal. When the conveying speed was 1 m/s, the cutter angle was 33°, the rotational speed of the cutter was 1 000 r/min, and the cutter quantity was 4 pieces. The number of root cuts could reach 2 times by the rotated highest point of all cutting edges, and the missing cutting area was minimal. This study can serve as a theoretical foundation for future research on the operation mechanism and mechanism optimization of the root profiling floating cutting mechanism of garlic combined harvester.