宁夏引黄灌区滴灌条件下春小麦干物质转移与灌浆特征

为优化春小麦滴灌灌溉制度，提高水分利用效率，对宁夏引黄灌区滴灌条件下灌水对春小麦千粒质量、干物质转移和灌浆特征的影响展开研究。在总灌水量一致的条件下，分别设置增大三叶期、分蘖期和拔节期灌水量(W1)、增大分蘖期、拔节期和抽穗期灌水量(W2)、增大拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期灌水量(W3)、各生育期灌水量平均分配(W4)和对照(CK)5个水量分配处理，研究春小麦千粒质量、各营养器官干物质转移量及籽粒灌浆特性。W3籽粒千粒质量最大，花后37 d其千粒质量为53.96 g，较CK大2.64%。W2的干物质转移总量、同化物转移总量和干物质转移对籽粒的贡献率均为最大，分别为0.67 g/株、2.992 g/株和22.165%。不同水量分配下小麦籽粒灌浆速率满足Logistic模型，经过水量优化分配，W2最大灌浆速率出现时间提前0.366 d，虽然最大灌浆速率有所降低，但是通过增加快增期时间(增加0.15 d)和活跃灌浆期时间(增加2.35 d)，可以显著提高籽粒干物质积累量，收获时穗粒质量较CK提高32.1%，该处理籽粒产量也达到最大，较CK提高6.88%。因此可以通过优化灌水量分配，增加小麦千粒质量，提高各器官对籽粒的干物质转移量及灌浆速率，进而达到高产高效的目的。

Dry matter transfer and grain filling characteristics of spring wheat under drip irrigation in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation district

In order to optimize the drip irrigation system of spring wheat and improve water use efficiency, the effects of drip irrigation on 1 000 grain weight, dry matter transfer, and grain filling characteristics of spring wheat in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area were investigated. Under the condition that total irrigation water remains consistent, increase respectively set up 3 leaf stage, tillering stage and jointing stage irrigation water (W1), increase tillering stage and jointing stage and heading stage irrigation water (W2), increase the jointing stage, heading stage and filling stage irrigation water (W3), various stages of irrigation water evenly (W4) and contrast control group CK, that is, five water distribution treatments. Exploring spring wheat thousand grain quality, the transfer of dry matter and nutrient organs grain filling characteristics. The thousand kernel weight of W3 was the largest, and the thousand kernel weight of W3 was 53.96 g on 37 days after anthesis, which was 2.64% larger than CK. The contribution rates of total dry matter transfer, total assimilate transfer, and dry matter transfer to grains of W2 were 0.67 g/plant, 2.992 g/plant, and 22.165%, respectively. The grain filling rate of wheat under different water allocations met the Logistic model, and the maximum grain filling rate of W2 appeared 0.366 d earlier after optimal water allocation. Although the maximum filling rate of W2 decreased, the dry matter accumulation of grains was significantly increased by increasing the time of the fast growing period (0.15 d) and active filling period (2.35 d), and the grain weight of panicle at harvest increased by 32.1% compared with that of CK. The grain yield of W2 also reached the maximum, which was increased by 6.88% compared with CK. Therefore, by optimizing irrigation water distribution, the quality of 1 000 grains of wheat can be increased, and the dry matter transfer amount and grouting rate of each organ to the grains can be improved to achieve high yield and high efficiency.