俄罗斯沙棘优良品种引种试验研究

“三北”地区和黄土高原是中国沙棘亚种的分布中心，现已有大面积人工沙棘林，但其果小、刺多，产果量低，采果难。为此，作者于1997－2006年承担水利部“948”沙棘引进项目，以解决该地区沙棘优良品种缺乏问题。通过8年试验研究，引进俄罗斯大果无刺沙棘优良品种、类型40余种，分别在“三北”和黄土高原地区的7个主要试验基地进行引种试验，从中初步筛选出效果较好的9个优良品种、类型。它们生长发育良好，抗性较强，具高产、优质特性，并已开始利用引进的俄罗斯沙棘与当地中国沙棘杂交，培育出第一代杂交种。在引种选育和对俄罗斯沙棘生物生态学特性进行试验研究的基础上，对其良种的集约栽培和繁育做了试验和示范推广工作，产生了良好的生态、经济效益。通过本项目实施，为做好沙棘引种选育工作提供了良种，这对大面积建造高产、优质人工沙棘林和沙棘果园，加速黄土高原和“三北”地区的环境治理、发展地方经济具重要意义。

Study on Bioecologial Characteristics of Introduced Russian Seabuckthorn Species

The Loess Plateau is distribution center of the Chinese Seabuckthorn subspecies. Now, Seabuckthorn forest in large area has been planted in this region. It is generally wildlife plant forms having the characteristics of small fruit, more thorns, difficult harvest and low fruit output. We had undertaken the ＂948＂ project assigned by Ministry of Water Resources--Introduced Russian seabuckthorn varieties, in 1997-2006. In order to solve the problem of deficient in fine seabuckthorn species in the area of northwest, northeast and north China （the three north area, including the Loess Plateau）, through the experiment of 8 years, 40 fine species and forms of seabuckthorn had been introduced in this area from Russian. We have tentative selected 9 fine Seabuckthorn species and forms in the 7 experiment base in the ＂three north area＂ and the Loess Plateau. They have characteristics of fine growth, resistibility and the higher fruit yield. We have begun breed the crossbreed varieties of a new generation through crossing of Russian seabuekthorn with Chinese seabuckthorn. On the basis of introduction, selection and breeding of seabuckthorn, we have made to experiment, example and popularizing work on the intensive cultivation and breed good strains. It has produced good ecological, economical benefits. Through this project implementation, the better introducing results had been obtained. It will provide reliable scientific basis for carrying on introduction, selection and breeding of seabuckthorn step by step in the planned way. It has important significance for constructing largescale of high production and quality seabuckthorn forests and gardens, and rapid harnessing environment of the ＂three north＂ and the Loess Plateau area, and developing local economy.