水稻机械化种植模式

通过研究跃进农场现存的几种主要种植形式，探索近阶段及未来适合跃进农场水稻种植机械化的模式。机直播与人工撒播的对比试验表明，该模式改善了水稻生长的小环境，促进了水稻分蘖生长，提高了水稻成穗率和抗病性，有利于人工清除恶性杂草，提高了水稻单产；穗粒数比撒播方式显著提高是机直播增产的主要原因，可增产5.44％。跃进农场近3年来水稻机直播与机插秧的产量表明，水稻机直播的产量总体要略高于机插秧，主要原因在于水稻直播形式较容易拿到穗苗，而机插秧形式穗苗不稳定。分析水稻种植环节的8项成本构成，机直播比机插秧可节约成本近20%，选用机直播的种植形式可获得可观的经济效益。实践研究表明，在跃进农场机插秧主要优势不在于提高水稻单产，而在于提高了水稻灌浆的整齐度和饱满度，有利于提高水稻种子扩繁质量和纯度，也有利于控制恶性杂草的危害。综上所述，近阶段来说，机直播和机插秧将全面替代人工撒播，机直播为主要推广的水稻机械种植形式，机插秧为辅助的种植形式，主要用于育种；随着水稻穴播机的不断研制成熟，机穴播将成为主要的种植形式，可以解决水稻种子扩繁的需要和种子品质的要求，同时还能实现稳定产量和降本增效的目标。 

Mechanical Planting Model of Rice

Rice planting mechanization mode that suitable for Yuejin farm near stage and in the future was explored by studying several existing planting forms in Yuejin farm.Comparative tests between mechanized-direct seeding and artificial sowing showed that: by mechanized-direct seeding，small environment of rice growing was improved，growth of rice tillering was promoted，rice panicle rate was increased and disease resistance of rice was improved，the yield of rice was increased，also it was conducive to the removal of malignant weeds.Main cause for increasing of yield which up to 5.44％ was that grain number per panicle was significantly improved in case of mechanized-direct seeding when compared to artificial sowing.By comparing yield analysis of directing seeding and mechanized-transplanting during three years in Yuejin farm，it was showed that overall yield of mechanized-transplanting was slightly higher than that of directing seeding mainly because that it was easier for mechanized-direct seeding to get spike seedlings and spike seedlings got by mechanized-transplanting was unstable.By analyzing 8 cost structure items in rice planting，it was showed that cost could be reduced by 20% by mechanized-direct seeding compared to mechanized-transplanting，and considerable economic benefits could be got by choosing mechanized-direct seeding.Practice showed that advantages of mechanized-transplanting in Yuejin farm was not in increasing of yield of rice but in increasing regularity and fullness of rice grain filling，improving quality and purity of rice seed propagation and controlling weed damage.To sum up，in the near future，mechanized-direct seeding and mechanized-transplanting would fully substitute artificial sowing，mechanized-direct seeding is main form of mechanized rice planting，and mechanized-transplanting is auxiliary form which mainly used for breeding；as continuous development of rice hill-dropping machine，mechanized- hill-dropping would become main seeding form，which would meet requirements of rice seed propagation and seed quality and achieve the objectives of stable output，reduced cost and increased efficiency.