喷雾参数间互作效应对农药雾滴飘移的影响

为了了解喷雾参数间互作效应对农药雾滴飘移的影响.建立了风速调节是0~6 m/s的低速风洞，采用碳纤维棒收集垂直方向和水平方向上含荧光素钠的雾滴，由荧光分光光度计测定了收集杆上的荧光素钠的含量，利用SPSS软件进行分析.结果发现：雾滴飘移沉积与喷头类型、压力、喷雾介质、风速密切相关，影响雾滴飘移沉积的喷头结构参数和操作技术参数因素次序依次为风速、喷头类型、喷雾介质、压力.喷雾参数之间存在互作效应，喷雾介质与喷头类型、风速与喷头类型、风速与喷雾介质、喷雾介质与喷头类型与风速之间的互作效应较显著，其余喷雾参数之间的互作效应不显著.随着垂直高度和水平距离的增加，雾滴的沉积减少，随着喷雾压力和风速的增大，雾滴飘失严重，为了减少飘移，在实际田间喷雾作业时，要注重风速的选择.防飘移助剂 Greenwet 720有效的控制了雾滴的飘移沉积，表面活性剂Greenwet X-100增大了雾滴的飘移沉积.研究喷雾参数对雾滴飘移的互作效应的机理能减少雾滴飘移，提高施药的作业效率、增强病虫害防治效果、减少环境污染，对农业生产具有重要的理论和现实意义.

Interaction effects of spray parameters on pesticide spray droplet drift

A wind tunnel was built with an air speed in the range 0-6 m/s. The droplets containing fluorescein sodium were collected by carbon fiber rods in the vertical and horizontal directions. The content of fluorescein sodium was measured by using fluoremeter. The SPSS software was used to analyze influences of spray parameters and their interactions on spray drift. The results showed that nozzle type, pressure, spray medium and wind speed had a significant impact on droplet drift deposition. The influence of four experimental factors on the drift deposition from the most important to the least important is as follows: wind speed> nozzle type > spray medium >pressure. There are interactions between spray parameters, especially, spray medium and nozzle type, wind speed and nozzle type, wind speed and spray medium, spray medium and nozzle type and wind speed exhibit a substantial interaction, the interactions in the rest spray parameters are insignificant. At all sample positions, deposits on the collectors are reduced at lower wind speeds. However, the droplet drift is intensified as both pressure and wind speed increase. To reduce the drift, we should pay attention to the choice of wind speed in actual field pesticide spray operation. The drift retardant Greenwet 720 can control the drift effectively but the surfactant Greenwet X-100 increases the drift. Investigations into the mechanism of interaction effects of spray parameters on spray droplet drift are of great theoretical and practical significance to decrease of droplet drift, improvement of spraying operational efficiency, enhancement of pest control and reduction of environmental pollution.