不同水盐胁迫对番茄生长发育和产量的影响研究

【目的】探究番茄植株对不同水盐胁迫情景的响应,为合理制定盐碱化土壤下的灌溉制度提供科学依据。【方法】以粉欧宝番茄品种为研究对象,开展水盐对番茄生长发育影响的盆栽试验。试验采用完全随机布置,设置3个水分水平(W1-充分灌溉、W2-1/2的W1灌水量、W3-干旱复水)和2个盐分水平(S1-无盐和S2-0.3%含盐量),每个处理4个重复,测定了番茄耗水、干物质和产量指标,分析了不同水盐胁迫对番茄植株生长发育与产量的影响。【结果】与充分灌溉W1相比,W2水平的番茄植株耗水、干物质、植株含水率、叶质量、产量、单果质量显著减少。W3水平的植株耗水量和叶茎比显著减少,但单株干质量与鲜干比所受影响不大;单果鲜质量与干质量显著减小,但坐果率提高导致产量有所增加。盐分处理的番茄植株耗水量、单株干质量、鲜干比、叶茎比、果实总产量、单果鲜质量与干质量均小于无盐处理。水分胁迫显著影响叶片生长和单个果实发育,盐分胁迫抑制植株的生长发育及产量形成。【结论】干旱复水与无盐处理组合(W3S1)下番茄植株表现出了较好的生长发育状况和产量水平,可用于最优调亏灌溉制度的制定。

Growth and Yield of Tomato as Impacted by Salinity Stress

【Objective】Soil salinity and water stress are common abiotic stress affecting crop growth, and this paper examined the response of growth and yield of tomato to soil salinity.【Method】The experiments were conducted in pots and considered three water treatments: sufficient irrigation to keep soil water at the field capacity(M1), irrigating with 1/2 of water used in M1(M2), re-watering to the field capacity after drought(M3); and two salinity treatments: free of salinity(S1) and salinity stress with 0.3% salt content(S2); each treatment had four replicas. In each treatment, we measured the dry matter and yield of the tomato.【Result】Compared with W1,W2 significantly reduced the water use efficiency, dry matter, water content in plant, leaf weight, yield, and fruit weight. W3 reduced water consumption and the leaf to stem ratio but increased fruit set rate, with no effect on dry weight to fresh-dried weight ratio. Salinity stress reduced water use efficiency, plant dry weight, fresh-dry matter ratio, leaf-stem ratio, total fruit yield, fresh and dry weight. Water stress significantly inhibited leaf growth and fruit development, and salt stress reduced plant growth and yield formation.【Conclusion】Re-watering after drought without salinity benefited crop growth and could be used as an optimal deficit irrigation method.