有压微灌对超级稻水分利用特征和生长的影响研究

【目的】探究有压微灌对超级稻耗水量及水稻生长的影响。【方法】通过水稻根系层埋置透水管,采用管道微灌增压方法进行室外盆栽试验。试验统计了自然降雨条件下有压微灌组(WY)和对照处理充分灌溉组(CK)的灌溉水量,并观测2种灌溉方式对水稻农艺性状的影响。【结果】水稻全生育期WY组平均每盆灌溉水量17.23 kg(2.46×10~6m3/hm~2),CK组平均每盆灌溉水量21.25 kg(3.04×10~6m~3/hm~2),有压微灌相比充分灌溉减少灌溉水量18.92%;有压微灌处理水稻分蘖完成后,WY组平均分蘖数为31.167,CK组为27.083,有压微灌促进水稻的分蘖生长。水稻成熟后有压微灌组水稻植株和根系干物质量分别为92.46 g和9.41 g显著高于CK 87.22 g和8.39 g;有压微灌组水稻株高及构成产量因素中的穗长、穗实粒数、千粒质量等指标与CK无显著差异。【结论】有压微灌不产生土壤水层的灌溉方式提高水分利用效率,促进水稻的有效分蘖穗的发育生长、稻穗数增加、产量提高。

Yield and Water Use efficiency of Super Rice under Pressurized Subsurface Micro-irrigation

【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of water pressure in subsurface micro-irrigation on water consumption and growth of super rice.【Method】The experiment was conducted in pots where the emitters of the micro-irrigation system were buried in the root zone. We compared the pressurized system(WY)and standard system(CK) for their impact on growth traits of the rice.【Result】The overall irrigation amount in the WY and CK was 17.23 kg(2.47×10~6 m~3/hm~2) and 21.5 kg(3.02×10~6 m~3/hm~2) respectively. WY increased rice tillers to 31.167, dry matter of the shoot to 92.46 g and dry matter of the root to 9.41 g, compared with their associate value of 27.083 for tillers, and 87.22 g and 8.39 g for dry matter of the shoot and the root, respectively, under CK. There was no significant difference between WY and CK in other factors, including plant height, ear length, spikelet number and the weight of 1 000 grains.【Conclusion】WY improved water utilization efficiency and promoted tillering, thereby ultimately improving the yield.