镉低积累小麦品种的筛选研究

低吸收重金属作物品种的筛选已经成为重金属污染农田的主要修复方式之一。【目的】筛选镉低积累冬小麦品种。【方法】针对华北平原种植结构,于2017年10月15日在河南省北部某地区进行田间小区试验,采用人工拉沟点播方式播种。研究了47个不同品种冬小麦对重金属镉吸收的差异性。【结果】重金属镉在不同品种冬小麦各部位的量的顺序均为根>茎叶>籽粒,且镉的转运系数和富集系数均小于1,转运系数介于0.10～0.60之间,富集系数介于0.002～0.060之间。不同品种冬小麦籽粒中重金属含镉量介于0.004～0.130之间,相差35.28倍。筛选出籽粒含镉量符合国家标准(GB2715—2016,≤0.10 mg/kg)的品种42个,占所有品种的89.36%,有5个品种籽粒含镉量超过国家标准。冬小麦不同品种间对镉的吸收显示出巨大的差异性。【结论】在重金属镉轻度污染碱性土壤条件下,多数冬小麦品种籽粒含镉量并未超标。

Screening of Low-accumulation Wheat Varieties with Cadmium

Screening of low-absorption heavy metal crop varieties has become one of the main remediation methods for heavy metal-contaminated farmland.【Objective】This study aimed to study the absorption differences of heavy metal cadmium between 47 different winter wheat varieties in the planting structure of the North China Plain, and screen the cadmium low accumulation winter wheat varieties.【Method】Field plot experiment was conducted in a area of northern part of Henan Province on October 15, 2017, which using artificial pull-and-ditch hillseeding.【Result】The content of heavy metal cadmium in different parts of winter wheat was root>stem>seed.And the transfer coefficient and bioconcentration coefficient of cadmium were less than 1, the former ranged from 0.10 to 0.60, and the later ranged from 0.002 to 0.06. The content of heavy metals in winter wheat seeds of different varieties ranged from 0.004～0.13, with a difference of 35.28 times. And 42 species with cadmium content in seeds were selected in accordance with national standard GB2715—2016≤0.10 mg/kg, accounting for89.36% of all varieties, and there were 5 species exceeded the national standard. Cadmium absorption of winter wheat showed great difference among different varieties.【Conclusion】In heavy metal cadmium slightly polluted alkaline soil, the cadmium content in seeds of most winter wheat varieties did not exceed the standard. This study can provide a reference for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil and food production safety in the North China Plain.