不同生育期调亏灌溉对荒漠绿洲区葡萄生长、产量和品质的影响

适宜土壤水分状态是决定葡萄营养生长、产量和品质的重要因素。为了探讨不同水分条件下,酿酒葡萄梅鹿辄(Merlot)生理响应机制,取13 a生酿酒葡萄梅鹿辄为试验材料,分别在抽蔓期、开花坐果期、果实膨大期、着色成熟期进行水分亏缺处理(土壤含水率下限为田间持水率的55%~60%),并监测了相关植株形态,果实品质和产量指标。结果表明,单个生育期进行水分亏缺处理,对植株形态指标(葡萄株高、新梢长度、新梢粗度等)和果实品质指标(葡萄总糖量、可溶性固形物量、单宁量、总酚量、花色苷量等)无显著性影响。就产量而言,果实膨大期的亏水处理降低产量40.2%,是其需水关键期。而抽蔓期进行亏水处理,增产10.3%。

Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation at Different Growth Stages on Growth and Fruit Quality of Wine Grape in Desert Oasis

A favorable water condition in soil for grape to grow is a key factor that impacts growth, fruit quality and final yield of the grape. An experiment was conducted on a 13-years-old vineyard in attempts to investigate the consequence of deficit irrigation at bud break, flowering and fruit setting, fruit enlargement and fruit ripening stage respectively. The minimum soil moisture was controlled at 55%to 60%of the field capacity. Relevant mor-phological, physiological traits and grape yield were measured. The results showed that deficit irrigation only once did nothave significant effect on morphological traits (including plant height, length and diameter of new shoots)and fruit quality (including total sugar content, the amount of soluble solid tannin and total phenol, antho-cyanins content), but affected yield. For example, a deficit irrigation at fruit enlargement stage reduced the yield by 40.2%, while a water deficit at the bud break stage increased the yield by 10.3%.