引黄灌区不同肥料类型和施肥技术对稻田氮磷流失的影响

为减少引黄灌区稻田退水导致的农业面源污染,寻找水稻稳产和环境友好的最佳结合点,研究了大田示范条件下不同肥料类型和施肥技术对稻田田面水和排水沟退水氮磷变化特征的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥处理比较,优化施肥和侧条施肥均可以显著降低稻田田面水和排水沟中TN质量浓度,其中以侧条施肥处理效果最好,田面水和排水沟中TN质量浓度仅为常规施肥的47.4%和34.3%,各施肥处理间田面水和排水沟中TP质量浓度变化差异不显著。优化施肥和侧条施肥处理在肥料减量的条件下水稻产量并没有降低,其中有机种植处理产量最低,相对产量仅为常规处理的73.5%。综合考虑水稻产量和环境因素,优化施肥和侧条施肥技术可以作为环境友好型施肥技术在引黄灌区进行推广。

Types of Fertilizers and Their Application Affect the Leaching of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Paddy Fields in Irrigation Districts of Yellow River

Experiments were conducted in this paper aimed to reduce the leaching of contaminants from the paddy fields in Yellow River Irrigation Districts under different fertilizations after the water receded.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,optimized fertilization and fertigation on "side-strip" could significantly reduce TN concentrations in the surface and receding water.Under the side-strip fertilization,the TN concentrations in the surface and the receding water were only 47.4％ and 34.3％ of those under conventional fertilization.There was no significant difference in TP concentration in the surface water and receding water between all treatments.The optimized fertilization and side-strip fertilization did not considerably reduce the rice yield after reducing the fertilizer application.Organic farming reduced the yield by 26.5％ compared with the conventional treatment.Considering yield and impact on environment,the optimized fertilization and side-strip fertilization are environmental friendly in the Yellow River Irrigation areas.