施肥量对温室滴灌番茄干物质累积、产量及水肥利用的影响

为研究日光温室秋冬茬番茄生育时期干物质生产动态规律,探索高产高效的科学施肥模式,以标准冲施肥(含N量16%,含P_2O_5量5%,含K_2O量19%)为施肥种类,施肥量以N素为基准分为4个肥料处理水平,即F1(高肥)、F2(中肥)、F3(低肥)、F4(不追肥),分析了不同施肥量对日光温室番茄干物质累积、产量和水肥利用的影响。结果表明,番茄产量和水分利用效率(WUE)与施肥量呈"抛物线"关系,当N施量为290.6 kg/hm2(F2)时达到最高值,分别为67 776.93 kg/hm2和49.27 kg/m3,说明适量施肥可提高产量及水分利用效率。但肥料生产效率(PFP)在施肥量为(N)41.4~539.9 kg/hm2范围内呈现负指数降低趋势。植株干物质累积量表现出F2处理F1处理F3处理F4处理。果实干物质累积进程符合logistic函数轨迹,中肥处理比高肥、低肥处理提前进入快速累积期,使快速累积期持续时间比其他处理长1~8 d。全株总干物质转移量对果实贡献率为1.97%~6.96%,说明果实干物质高达90%以上依靠株体自身光合作用填充。因此,番茄结果期加强水肥的供给是必要的。

Impact of the Amount of Fertilizationon Yield and Water-fertilizer Use Efficiency of Tomato Grown in a Solar Greenhouse under Drip Fertigation

By keeping the ratios of N,P (P2O5) and K(K2O) at6％,5％ and 19％ respectively,we investigated the impact of four fertilizations:high fertilization (F1),medium fertilization (F2),low fertilization (F3) and zero fertilization (F4),on the yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency of tomato grown in a solar greenhouse under drip fertigation.The results showed that the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased parabolically with the amount of fertilization before peaking at 67 776.93 kg/hm2 and 49.27 kg/m3 respectively when the N application was 290.2 kg/hm2,indicating that an appropriate fertilization increased the yield and WUE.The partial productivity (PFP) of fertilization decreases exponentially with the amount of fertilizer in the range of 41.4～539.9 kg/hm2 of N application.Dry-matter accumulation under different fertilizations was ranked in F2 ＞ F 1 ＞ F3 ＞ F4,and the increase of dry matter with time can be described by the logistic function.The accumulating rate of dry matters peaked earlier in F2 than in other treatments,and lasted 1 ～ 8 days longer than in other treatments.Approximately,1.97％～6.96％ of the dry matter was translocated to fruit.The results showed that more than 90％ of all dry matter was due to the photosynthesis at the late stage.It is hence essential to increase water and fertilizer supply during the fruit-growing stage.