基于ORYZA2000的稻田水量平衡及地下水埋深对水稻灌溉的影响

应用水稻生长模拟模型ORYZA2000分析了淹灌、间歇灌溉、雨养3种稻田水分管理模式下田间水量平衡和水分生产率,以及不同地下水埋深对相关指标的影响。结果表明,淹灌模式巨大耗水量主要是满足稻田深层渗漏损失,间歇灌溉可以减少田间渗漏量,从而达到节水的效果,雨养栽培不仅可以减少深层渗漏,并可以利用地下水,以维持水稻蒸发蒸腾需要;3种灌溉方式以雨养模式水分生产率最高,其次为间歇灌溉,淹灌最低;地下水埋深对雨养模式的产量、水分生产率和水量平衡影响最大,对间歇灌溉相关指标影响较小,而对淹灌模式则无影响。

Study on Water Balance of Lowland Rice and Effect of Ground Water Depth on Water Saving Irrigation on the Basis of ORYZA2000

By using ORYZA2000 model, water balance, water productivity, and effect of ground water were analyzed under continuous flooding, alternative drying and wetting, and raided conditions. The result showed that the great amount of water consumption under continuous flooding condition was to meet the loss of deep percolation of lowland rice ; alternative drying and wetting could greatly decrease percolation water, which contributed to the effect of water saving; raided planting could not only decrease the deep percolation absolutely, but also utilize the ground water to meet the request of crop evaporation and transpiration. Among the three water regimes, water productivity under raided condition was the highest, and then alternative drying and wetting, that of continuous flooding was the lowest. Ground water depth affected the yield, water productivity and water balance of raided planting. The yield and water productivity decrease as the ground water depth deepening. However it had little effect on alternative drying and wetting, and no effect on continuous flooding.