1957-2017年京津冀主要作物水分利用效率及节水潜力分析

水资源短缺以及农业用水效率不高制约着京津冀一体化国家战略的实施。【目的】提高主要作物水分利用效率,缓解京津冀地区农业水资源矛盾。【方法】基于FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式及有效降水计算公式估算了1957-2017年京津冀地区冬小麦、夏玉米的耗水量及水分利用效率以及冬小麦、夏玉米的节水潜力。【结果】冬小麦、夏玉米水分利用效率呈逐年线性增长趋势。冬小麦、夏玉米水分利用效率仍有20%~30%的提升空间,在产量不变的前提下,京津冀地区可节约水量43.6亿~60.4亿m^3。冬小麦节水潜力高于夏玉米。【结论】可通过改善土壤条件,优化灌溉管理以及秸秆覆盖等措施提高冬小麦及夏玉米的水分利用效率。

Analysis of WUE for Main Crops and Water-saving Potential in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in 1957-2015

【Objective】Water shortage and low agricultural water use efficiency have restricted the implement of national strategy for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration. The purpose of this paper is to improve the water use efficiency(WUE) of main crops and alleviate water conflicts of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. 【Method】This study estimated the water consumption and water use efficiency of winter wheat and summer maize in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 1957 to 2017 and the corresponding water-saving potential based on the FAO: Penman-Monteith Formula and the effective precipitation. 【Result】The WUE of winter wheat and summer maize showed linear increasing trends. According to previous relevant experimental work, the WUE could be improved by 20%~30%. The volume of water-saving is about 4.36 billion m^3 to 6.04 billion m^3. The water-saving potential of winter wheat is higher than that of summer maize.【Conclusion】The WUE can be increased by improving soil conditions, optimizing irrigation management and straw mulching.