南方冬种马铃薯收获机的应用现状与研究展望

实现南方冬种马铃薯机械化收获对推进马铃薯主粮化进程、扩大南方冬种马铃薯种植面积具有重要意义。现有马铃薯收获机在应用过程中存在挖掘阻力大、易壅堵、明薯率低、伤薯率高等问题,导致目前南方冬种马铃薯收获以人工或畜力为主,机械化应用水平低。为此,从南方冬种马铃薯种植模式和种植环境出发,在分析现有马铃薯收获装置挖掘部件和分离部件的基础上,对南方冬种马铃薯收获机的进一步研究做出了展望,提出一种双重振动减阻挖掘部件、一种可分离薯、土、膜的振动杆条升运链分离部件,以及一种可分离薯、土、草的拨杆抖动筛分部件,旨在为南方冬种马铃薯地膜覆盖栽培模式及稻草覆盖栽培模式下机械化收获装置的研制提供参考。

Application Status and Research Prospect of Southern Winter Planting Potato Harvesting Machine

It has important implication for promoting the process of potato as staple food and expanding the area of south -ern winter planting potato to realize the mechanized harvesting of southern winter planting potato.However, there are many problems of the existing potato harvesters in the application of southern winter planting potato harvesting,such as big digging resistance, easy blocking, low excavation rate and high injury rate of potato.Currently, southern winter planting potato harvest mainly by person or animal, the mechanical application level is low.According to the planting mode and growing environment of southern winter planting potato, a kind of double vibration anti-drag digging component,a kinds of vibration chain-lever elevator that can separate potatoes from soil and plastic film and a kinds of lever sway separating component that can separate potatoes from soil and straws were proposed based on reviewing the present status of potato harvest equipment and technology, which is considered as a prospect of the research of southern potato harvesting ma -chine and provide a reference for the manufacture of mechanized harvesting devices of southern winter planting potato that under film mulching or straw mulching cultivation mode.