涌泉根灌技术研究与应用

提出了一种新型涌泉根灌灌水方法,研究设计了一种灌水器,实现了直接将灌溉水输送到植物根系部位的研究目标,研制的涌泉根灌灌水器流态指数小于0.5,属紊流范畴.为了测得不同节水灌溉方式的应用效果,在陕北山地5年生枣树实施了管灌、滴灌和涌泉根灌等工程38.67hm^2,对3种不同灌水方法的经济效益作了分析.结果表明,与不灌溉相比,管灌、滴灌和涌泉根灌的净增收入分别为4707.70,8446.00和10926.00元/hm^2;管灌、滴灌和涌泉根灌每方灌溉水产值分别为1.90,11.30和14.60元/m3.涌泉根灌与滴灌相比,年成本降低2030元/hm^2,净收入增加2480元/hm^2,每方灌溉水产值提高3.30元/m3;涌泉根灌与管灌相比,年成本降低743.30元/hm^2,净收入增加6218.30元/hm^2,每方灌溉水产值提高12.70元/m3.不同节水灌溉方式均使得枣园净收入大幅度提高,尤其是涌泉根灌方式,净增值率高达235.0%.建议在山地经济林果中大面积推广应用涌泉根灌技术.

Research and application of bubbled-root irrigation

A new kind of bubbled-root irrigation was invented,and by which irrigation water can be transported to the root region of plant directly. An experiment about relationship between pressure head and flow rate on irrigation device was carried out and the flow exponent was less than 0. 5,which showed that flow state of irrigation device was turbulence. In order to find effects of the different irrigation technologies on the yield of jujube trees,5-year old jujube trees of 38. 67 hm^2 area were irrigated by different methods,such as drip irrigation,pipe irrigation and the bubbled-root irrigation. Compared to no-irrigated ones,the net income of the jujube trees irrigated by the drip irrigation,the pipe irrigation and the bubbled-root irrigation increased by 4 707. 70,8 446. 00 and 10 926. 00 yuan/hm^2,respectively. The production values per volume water of drip irrigation,pipe irrigation and bubbled-root irrigation were 1. 90,11. 30 and 14. 60 yuan /m3,respectively. Compared to the drip irrigation,the annual fixed cost of the bubbled-root irrigation decreased by 2 030 yuan/hm^2,the annual income increased by 2 480 yuan / hm^2,and the production values increased by 3. 30 yuan/m3,respectively. Compared to the pipe irrigation,the annual fixed cost of the bubbled-root irrigation decreased by 743. 30 yuan/hm^2,the annual income increased by 6 218. 30 yuan/hm^2,and the production values increased by 12. 70 yuan/m3,respectively. It is concluded that the net income of jujube trees can increase dramatically by using water-saving irrigation engineering,especially the bubbled-root irrigation,by which the increment of the net income of the jujube trees is 235. 0% of that of no-irrigation. The bubbled-root irrigation should be developed widely in hilly area.