麦后移栽棉节水高效灌溉模式

为确定麦后移栽棉的合理灌溉方式,在测坑条件下研究不同灌水次数组合对麦后移栽棉生长发育、蕾铃生长、籽棉产量、纤维品质及水分利用率的影响.研究结果表明：麦后移栽棉在新叶萌发期加灌促苗水（CT1）虽然促进了植株生长发育,但成铃数和铃重没有显著提高,也没有显著提高籽棉产量和纤维品质,且衣分和灌溉水利用率最低;仅灌活苗水而依靠降雨（CT4）不足以满足麦后移栽棉的正常需水,棉花受到了水分亏缺,抑制了植株生长发育和蕾铃正常生长,导致出现大幅度减产（18.9%）,降低了水分利用率,同时水分亏缺降低了马克隆值和断裂比强度,纤维品质差.与CT1处理相比,对盛蕾期进行灌水处理,在没有降低籽棉产量和纤维品质的情况下,显著提高了衣分,同时,水分利用率和灌溉水利用率分别提高了8.5%和30.8%,可实现麦后移栽棉节水高产的统一.

Water-saving irrigation scheduling for transplanted cotton following wheat harvest

To develop a suitable irrigation scheduling for transplanted cotton following wheat harvest, an experiment was conducted in non-weighting lysimeters to study effects of frequency of watering on plant growth, boll development, seed cotton yield, fiber quality and water use efficieney in 2011. The results showed that the watering at germination stage and early stage of leaf blade formation to promote seedling growth （scheduling CT1 ） can enhance plant growth, but not significantly increase seed cotton yield and fiber quality, resulting in the lowest gin turnout and water use efficiency. If there are irrigations after cotton seedlings transplanted only, the forthcoming rainwater （ scheduling CT4 ） can not meet water requirement for plant growth, in consequence normal development of both bud and boll is restrained, causing a lower seed cotton yield and poor fiber quality. Compared with scheduling CT1, the irrigation scheduling in which watering is taken place in squaring stage doesn＇t reduce seed cotton yield and fiber quality, but also leads to a 8.5% increased gin turnout and a 30.8% improved water use efficiency. Eventually, both water saving and high yield can be achieved simultaneously fortransplanted cotton following wheat harvest.