河西走廊地区春小麦需水量驱动因素分析

河西走廊地区水资源短缺已经成为制约农业发展,生态环境恶化的最主要影响因素,因此研究影响作物需水量的影响因素对于实现节水灌溉,水资源优化配置,改善生态环境具有重要意义。根据河西地区14个气象站的多年逐日气象数据资料和河西地区的主要地理要素资料,运用FAO-56Penman-Monteith公式计算春小麦需水量。基于GIS对影响春小麦需水量的13个因素进行空间采样并进行因子分析,结果表明第一主因子为气象因子,贡献率达55%,第二、三因子分别为风速和地理因子,贡献率分别为17%和13%,气象要素为河西地区影响小麦需水量的主要因素。对河西地区各气象站影响春小麦的气象因素进行分析,结果表明影响春小麦需水量的主要气象要素为相对湿度、风速和生育期总日照时长,不同地理位置和不同气象要素对春小麦需水量的影响大小会有所变化。

The Analysis of Impact Factors of Spring Wheat Water Requirement in Hexi Region

The shortage of water in Hexi Corridor region has been the most critical influences that restricts the development of agricul-ture and ecological environment.So the research of influence factors that impact on crop water demands attaches great importance to water-saving irrigation,optimization of water allocation and improvement of ecological environment.According to the data collected by 14 weather stations for years and the major geographical factors in Hexi region,we use the formula of FAO-56 Penman-Monteith to figure up water demand of spring wheat.On the basis of the 1 3 factors influence water demand of spring wheat,we use GIS make spatial sampling and factor analysis.It indicated that the first major factor is weather whose contribution rate reaches to 5 5%,followed by wind speed and geographical factor,which contribute 1 7% and 1 3% separately.The meteorological elements are main factors for water demand of spring wheat in Hexi area.The analysis of weather factors that influence spring wheat made by ev-ery weather station of Hexi region shows that the main factors that have great impact on water demand of spring wheat are relative humidity,wind speed and sunshine hours of the period of duration,which varies with different locations.