土槽模拟开沟覆膜滴灌技术下盐分调控规律

新疆气候干旱与土壤盐碱化并存,是制约新疆农业发展的主要因素,开沟覆膜滴灌技术综合了膜下滴灌技术与开沟技术的优点,理论上可有效治理盐碱地。在开沟覆膜滴灌技术下,设置不同灌水定额与灌水次数,利用试验土槽模拟盐分调控规律,结果表明:1第1次合适灌水定额对盐分的淋洗起主要作用,可使土体盐分达到较稳定的状态,盐分也随水分侧向运移,并在土埂表层聚集;2灌水定额的增加促进盐分随水分向远离滴头和向深层方向运移,使得覆膜间、覆膜边盐分淋洗的深度增加,脱盐区增加;3在灌水定额为300m3/hm2时,可以在滴灌带横向0~23cm,下部58cm处迅速形成一个含盐量小于1.5%的达标脱盐区,满足当地作物正常出苗,故建议当地可选择300m3/hm2作为第1次灌水洗盐定额。

A Study on Soil Salt Movement and Regulation Under Ditch and Drip Irrigation Under Mulch Technology through Soil Trough Tests

The climate drought and soil salinization coexist in Xinjiang ,which are the main reasons for restricting the agriculture de‐velopment .Ditch and drip irrigation under mulch technical combines the advantages of drip irrigation under mulch and trenching technology and can ,in theory ,effectively control saline and alkali land .In this paper ,different irrigation quota and irrigation times are set up ,and soil trough is used to simulate soil salinity movement and regulation under ditch and drip irrigation under mulch tech‐nology .The results show that :①the first appropriate irrigation quota plays a major role in the leaching of soil salinity and can make soil salinity achieve a more stable state and soil salinity migrates laterally with water and accumulates in the soil ridge surface ;②the increase of irrigation quota can promote soil salinity to move away from the drip head and towards the deep direction to increase the depth of salt leaching and desalination areas between the films ;③when the irrigation quota is 300 m3/hm2 ,a standard desalination zone can quickly form in the range of 0~23 cm lateral and 58 cm underneath around drip irrigation belt to guarantee local crops see‐ding normally .So it is suggested that the first irrigation quota on the leaching of soil salinity can be choose as 300 m3/hm2 for local .