不同空间尺度下灌区灌溉水利用效率研究——以察尔森灌区为例

根据察尔森灌区2013-2014年实测数据,应用实测法与水量平衡法计算了田间水利用效率,通过典型渠道测试法计算了渠道水利用效率,在此基础上计算了察尔森灌区不同空间尺度下灌溉水利用效率;同时应用首尾法测算了察尔森灌区的灌溉水利用效率。结果表明,察尔森灌区从田间到斗渠尺度以及支渠到干渠尺度灌溉水利用效率降低明显,下一步灌区节水改造的重点是斗渠及干渠的工程建设和运行管理;首尾法所得灌区尺度下的灌溉水利用效率略大于典型渠道测试法,原因在于首尾法考虑了部分回归水的利用。

Research on the Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Different Spatial Scales—— A Case Study of Chaersen Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia

According to the measured data in 2013-3014 in Chaersen irrigation district, the field measurement method and the water balance method are used to calculate the field water use efficiency, the channel water use efficiency is calculated through the typical channel method, and then the irrigation water use efficiency in different spatial scales in Chaersen irrigation district are calculated.Meanwhile, the head-tail method is used to calculate the irrigation water use efficiency in Chaersen irrigation district.The results show that the irrigation water use effi-ciency decreases remarkably from the scale of farm to lateral canal and from the scale of branch canal to main canal.In the future, the key points of water saving reconstruction in Chaersen irrigation district are the engineering construction and the operational guidance of lateral ca-nal and main canal.The irrigation water use efficiency of the head-tail method is a little more than that of the typical channel method at irriga-tion district scale,the reason is that the head-tail method considers the reuse of drainage water.