四川省春马铃薯超高产栽培的技术途径与措施

高产创建是充分挖掘马铃薯单产潜力的有效途径。四川省春马铃薯净作和套作超高产纪录分别为73 965 kg/hm^2（2008年,万源市）和87 900 kg/hm^2（2010年,万源市）。本文通过分析超高产创建的经验,认为品种混杂、种薯质量低、平作稀窝、施肥水平低、晚疫病防治措施不当等是春马铃薯单产低而不稳的主要原因。提出选用抗病超高产型品种、创造超高产的土壤与营养环境、构建高光效群体、提高田间群体抗逆性等超高产栽培技术途径。建议采用摆播垄作覆膜、增大密度、重施有机肥、早施提苗肥、增施钾肥、＂促调控＂综合管理等春马铃薯超高产栽培技术措施。并提出春马铃薯要稳定实现超高产栽培必须走精确定量栽培的思路。

Technical Approaches and Measures on Super-high-yielding Cultivation in Spring Potato

Super-high-yielding cultivation is one of the effective ways to fully realize the yield potential of potato.The record high yield of potato under single cropping and intercropping conditions was 73 965 kg/ha（2008,Wanyuan） and 87 900 kg/ha（2010,Wanyuan）,respectively.Through the analyses on the practice of super-high-yielding cultivation,it is concluded that the main reasons for low and unstable yield of spring potato were impurity varieties,low quality of seed potato,flat-tillage and low standing,less fertilizer application,and improper prevention measures for potato late blight.This paper put forward the technical measures of super-high-yielding cultivation in spring potato such as adopting the varieties with disease resistance and super-high-yielding,establishing the environment of soil and nutrition for super-high-yielding,constructing the population with high photosynthetic efficiency,and improving population stress resistance.Besides,the available technical measures for super-high-yielding cultivation in spring potato are planting with ridge tillage,film mulching,increasing plant density,applying more organic fertilizer,applying the fertilizer earlier to promote the seedlings,applying attached potassium,and comprehensive management of ＂promoting,regulating and controlling＂.Therefore,super-high-yielding cultivation of spring potato needs precise and quantitative cultivation.