东西方型栽培大麦主要性状的配合力研究初报

本文以4个东方型栽培大麦品种和5个西方型美国栽培大麦品种以及按5×4不完全双列杂交组配的20个F_1杂种为材料,用系×测验系分析法研究了大麦不同类型亲本基因组在杂种F_113个性状上的遗传行为以及这些性状的遗传特点。结果表明,杂种一代的性状表现决定于亲本基因组的基因加性效应与互作效应且多数性状主要决定于基因的加性效应。株高、穗粒数、生育期性状较千粒重、单株有效穗、结实率易于改良。东方型栽培大麦品种在目标性状上比西方型美国栽培大麦具有较好的配合力。在中国南方冬麦区,作为组合育种的亲本,东方(?)栽培大麦品种比西方型美国栽培大麦品种要优越。

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN SEVERAL ORIENT AND OCCIDENT CULTIVARS IN BARLEY

The paper is apropos of studying the genetic behaviour of genomes fromdifferent parents on 13 traits in F_1 hybrids and the genetic feature of thesecharacters by line X tester analysis in 5 occident and 4 orient cultivars andtheir 20 F_1 hybrids according to a 5 x 4 partial diallel cross. The results show-ed that the characters in F_1 hybrid were determined by both of the geneticadditive and the interactive effects of their parents. And most of the investi-gated traits were mainly determined by the genetic additive effects. Plant he-ight, the number of grains Per spike, heading stage and mature period weremore easily improved in crossing breeding than the weight of 1,000 grains,effective spike per plant and the fructification rate were. There were bettercombining abilities on the objective traits in orient barley cultivars than thatin occident cultivated barley varieties. In southern region of China, the orientcultivars were better parents in combination breeding, compared with the occi-dent cultivated varieties.