缓释肥作出嫁肥对机插水稻秧苗生长发育的影响

在水稻生产上为了达到培育壮秧的目的,通过开展大田试验,采用缓释肥作出嫁肥进行研究。在水稻移栽前3 d人工撒施25 kg/667 m²缓释肥作出嫁肥,以常规施肥作对照,在水稻移栽后定期取样测定秧苗素质及在分蘖期调查水稻茎蘖动态,并综合评价缓释肥作出嫁肥对秧苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,施用缓释肥作出嫁肥后,在14、21、28 d时,水稻秧苗的株高分别提高6.26%、5.38%、3.38%,地上部干质量分别提高35.29%、3.92%、4.59%,地下部干质量分别提高30.00%、30.43%、8.70%,但对秧苗的茎基宽、发根数及根冠比影响不大;在水稻茎蘖数方面,施用缓释肥处理较常规处理在7月1日、7月8日、7月15日、7月22日、7月29日分别高出12.97%、7.68%、12.08%、40.24%、16.59%。综上所述,施用缓释肥作出嫁肥,能够提高水稻秧苗的株高及干物质量,对茎基宽及发根数影响不大,在生长中期能够增强水稻的分蘖能力,提高分蘖期水稻的茎蘖数。使用该种缓释肥作出嫁肥后,能够通过提高秧苗株高、干物质量及分蘖数来达到壮秧的效果。

Effects of Dressing with Slow-release Fertilizer Before Transplanting on the Growth and Development of Machine-transplanted Rice Seedlings

In order to achieve the goal of culturing strong seedlings in rice production,this study assessed the effects of dressing with a slow-release fertilizer before seedling transplanting.Specifically,a slow-release fertilizer was spread onto the seedling bed by hand at the rate of 25 kg/667 m² three days before transplanting,and the conventional fertilization mode was used as a control.In order to comprehensively evaluate the effect of dressing the slow-release fertilizer before transplanting on plant growth,seedlings were sampled periodically after transplanting to examine their quality,and stem-tiller dynamics was investigated at the tillering stage.Compared with the control,at 14,21,and 28 days after transplanting,application of the slow-release fertilizer before transplanting increased plant height by 6.26%,5.38%,3.38%,respectively;elevated the dry weight of the above-ground by 35.29%,3.92%,4.59%,respectively;and increased the dry weight of the underground by 30.00%,30.43%,8.70%,respectively.On the other hand,dressing with the slow-release fertilizer before transplanting had no significant effect on seedling base width,root number,and the ratio of root to shoot.Moreover,the treatment with the slow-release fertilizer increased rice tiller number by 12.97%,7.68%,12.08%,40.24%,16.59% on July 1,8,15,22,and 29,respectively,compared with the control.In summary,dressing with the slow-release fertilizer shortly before transplanting can increase seedling height and the weight of dry matter,but has little effect on seedling base width and root number.This treatment also can enhance the tillering ability of rice and increase the numbers of stems and tillers in the tillering stage.In conclusion,dressing with a slow-release fertilizer before transplanting can improve seedling quality by increasing plant height,dry matter weight,and tiller number.