湘南丘岗地区水稻轻简施肥技术的效应研究

通过田间小区试验，系统研究了在几种轻简施肥技术条件下双季早、晚稻的生育特性、养分吸收规律、肥料养分的当季利用率、经济性状和产量效应以及土壤速效养分的变化规律。结果表明：在轻简施肥技术条件下，双季稻前期早发不明显，中期成穗率高，后期根旺叶健不早衰；早、晚稻不同生育时期的干物质积累量与养分的吸收量具有相似性；早稻前期氮、磷、钾吸收量最低，绝大部分氮、磷、钾养分是在中、后期吸收的，晚稻前期的氮、磷、钾吸收量明显高于早稻，后期的氮、磷、钾吸收量大多低于早稻，不同处理之间差异不大。各轻简施肥处理均能提高早稻对氮和磷的表观利用率，以“湘珠专用肥”处理效果最好，但不能提高早稻对钾的表观利用率；晚稻轻简施肥处理“湘珠专用肥”也能明显提高水稻对肥料氮和钾的表观利用率。轻简施肥处理的水稻产量明显高于当地习惯施肥处理。

Effect of Simple and Labor Saving Fertilization Techniques on Rice in Hilly Area of Southern Hunan

A field plot experiment was carried out to systematically investigate effects of several types of simple and labor saving fertilization techniques on growth and development, nutrient uptake, utilization efficiency of fertilizer nutrients, economic characters and grain yield of double cropping rice and the change trends of available nutrients in soil. The results showed that premature of double cropping rice was unconspicuous at early stage, while the ear-bearing rate and vigor of roots and leaves were higher under simple and labor saving fertilization conditions. The similarity in dry matter accumulation and uptake of N, P and K was observed between early and late rice. In early rice season, N, P and K were obsorbed mainly at middle and late stage, and those at early stage were lest. Compared to early rice, N, P and K uptake of late rice was more at early stage, while those were less at middle and late stage, and difference among treatments was not clear. In early rice season, the apparent utilization efficiency of N and P under simple and labor saving fertilization conditions were higher than those under traditional fertilization mode, and the effect of treatment of Xiangzhu fertilizer was best, while apparent utilization efficiency of K could not be improved. In late rice season, the apparent efficiency of N and K was improved by Xiangzhu fertilizer. Compared to traditional fertilization treatment, rice yields in simple and labor saving fertilization treatments were higher.