水稻基因设计育种的研究进展与展望

 分子标记、基因工程（转基因技术）和基因组学的研究成果为实现对基因型的直接选择和农作物新品种设计育种提供了可能。设计育种旨在控制所有重要农艺性状基因的所有等位性变异。通过精细遗传定位、高饱和染色体片段系的构建和表型鉴定，可以实现设计育种。鉴于一系列可以得到的标记技术、软件工具以及已定位和克隆的水稻基因、已建立的基因 表型（G P）数据关联信息，设计育种目标已成为现实。主要介绍了设计育种、分子育种及一些基本技术,当前重点应用的基因功能研究与水稻功能基因分子利用的研究进展,并对水稻基因设计育种的前景进行了展望。

Progress and Prospects of Breeding by Gene Design in Rice

Progress in molecular markers,gene engineering and genomics are beneficial to direct selection and crop breeding by design.Breeding by design is a concept that aims to control all allelic variation for all genes of agronomic importance.This concept can be achieved through a combination of precise genetic mapping,high-resolution chromosome haplotyping and extensive phenotyping.Thanks to marker technology and software tools available today,and the fine-mapped/cloned genes in rice and their related GP data bank,this goal can now be achieved.Some related techniques concerning molecular breeding and breeding by gene-design,a highlight of breeding by gene-design and progress in functional research for key genes and their molecular utilization in rice breeding are presented in the paper.In addition,the prospects of rice gene-design breeding are discussed.