水分与氮素及其互作对水稻产量和水肥利用效率的影响研究进展

了解水分、氮素及其互作对水稻产量与水、氮利用效率的影响,对协同提高水稻产量与水氮利用效率有重要意义。本文概述了水稻节水灌溉技术、氮肥利用效率与氮肥施用技术、水分与氮素对水稻产量及水氮利用效率的耦合效应、作物-土壤关系及水氮调控机制等方面取得的进展;讨论了存在的问题,这些问题包括:高产水稻作物与土壤的水氮互作效应尚不明确;高产水稻水氮耦合与高效利用的分子机理不清楚;协同提高水稻产量与水氮利用效率的调控途径尚未掌握。针对这些问题,建议今后重点研究:高产水稻作物与土壤的水氮互作效应及其机制;水氮互作调控水稻吸收利用水分和氮素的生理与分子机理;协同提高水稻产量和水氮利用效率的调控途径与关键技术。

Research Advances in the Effects of Water,Nitrogen and Their Interaction on the Yield,Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies of Rice

Understanding the effects of water, nitrogen (N) and their interaction on the yield, water and N use efficiencies of rice would have great significance in synergistically realizing high yield, high water use efficiency (WUE) and high N use efficiency (NUE). This paper reviewed the advances achieved in water-saving irrigation techniques, NUE and N fertilizer application techniques, coupling effect of water and N on grain yield, WUE and NUE in rice, and crop-soil relationship and its mechanism regulated by water and N. The existing problems were discussed, i.e., very limited work on synergistic interaction between water and N on the crop growth and soil quality; little information on the molecular mechanism that water and nitrogen interact on the efficient absorption and utilization of water and nitrogen in high-yielding rice; and yet to be established the crop-soil integrative management system for simultaneous increases in grain yield, WUE and NUE. Aiming to solve these problems, several important issues meriting further investigation were suggested, that is, the synergistic interaction between water and N on the crop and soil for high yield, high WUE and high NUE and its biological process, the physiological and molecular mechanism in which high-yielding rice absorbs and utilizes water and N efficiently, and crop-soil integrative approaches and key techniques to simultaneously increase grain yield, WUE, and NUE in rice.