水稻离体辐射技术的应用研究

 以 Basmati 370为材料,指出了离体辐射诱变的适宜剂量(0.645～1.290库仑/千克)和时期,结果表明,1)¹³⁷Cs-γ射线对不同发育状况体细胞绿苗分化能力的诱导效果不同,影响力大小依次为愈伤组织>愈伤组织绿点>愈伤组织绿芽>萌动成熟胚>成熟的干种子胚。2)随辐射剂量的增加(0～2.580库仑/千克),带绿芽愈伤组织的再生植株育性明显下降,而再生植株的柱头外露率明显增加。3)离体辐射使早熟效果更加显著增加,出现3.8%的早熟株系(7天以上),其中早熟15天左右的株系占0.5%。4)离体辐射的一些有益的质量性状突变频率显著地高于常规辐射及组织培养,并获得两个柱头外露、矮秆、分蘖力强、优质的籼型雄性不育系。

Induced Mutation in Rice by In-vitro Radiation

The experiment indicated the adequate dose(0.645～1.290 C/kg) and growth stage for in-vitro radiation treatment. The results were: 1)Effect of ¹³⁷Cs-γ rays on redifferentiation and rate of green plantlets of somatic cells at different growth stage is different. The sequence of effect is callus>callus with green spots>callus with green shoot>mature embryo of dry seed. 2)The fertility of regenerated rice plants decreased with the radiation dose from 0 to 2.58 C/kg, and the rate of exserted stigma increased. 3)The occurence with early maturity increased up to 3.8%, among with about 0.5% of the plant lines matured 15 days earlier. 4)Tow male sterile lines with extruded stigmas were obtained, whose plant heights were reduced.Its frequency of occurance by in-vitro radiation is more than by coventional radiation and somatic cell culture.