水稻高收获指数不育系选育实践与展望

针对当前杂交水稻形势,介绍了水稻不育系的选育历史,总结了当前我国水稻不育系选育的困难及面临的主要问题,着重介绍了湖南农业大学新育成的卓201S、卓234S、展998S、南3502S等8个适合机械化制种的水稻小粒型两系不育系,选育的系列小粒不育系突出的特点是收获指数高;株型矮壮,叶片夹角小,生物产量适中;分蘖力强,成穗率高;茎秆坚韧,抗倒性好;异交特性好,结实率高。选配的系列高产优质杂交稻组合卓两优0985、卓两优141、南两优1998等组合表现高收获指数,高产稳产,适应性广,适合轻简栽培,且杂交制种产量高、种子质量好。通过系列高收获指数不育系的选育实践,以展998S为例总结了高收获指数不育系的生物学特征,并对今后高收获指数不育系的选育策略进行了探讨。

Breeding Practice and Prospect of Rice Male Sterile Lines with High Harvest Index

Given the current situation of hybrid rice breeding, we reviewed the breeding history of rice sterile lines, summarized the difficulties and main problems of rice sterile line breeding in China, emphatically introduced eight two-line male sterile lines with small grains, including Zhuo 201S, Zhuo 234S, Zhan 998S and Nan 3502S, etc, which were bred by Hunan Agricultural University, and featured with strong and dwarf plant type, small leaf angles, medium biological yield, strong tillering ability, high productive tiller rates, strong stem and high lodging resistance, good outcrossing characteristics, high seed setting rates and high harvest indexes. A series of high-yield and high-quality hybrid rice combinations Zhuoliangyou 0985, Zhuoliangyou 141, Nanliangyou 1998 and other combinations showed high and stable yield, high harvest index, wide adaptability, high yield and good seed quality. Through a series of breeding practices of male sterile lines with high harvest index, taking Zhan 998S as an example, the biological characteristics of male sterile lines with high harvest index were summarized, and the breeding strategies of high harvest index male sterile lines in the future were discussed.