施氮量和直播密度互作对水稻产量形成特征的影响

【目的】旨在阐明施氮量和直播密度互作对水稻产量形成特征的影响。【方法】以优质食味粳稻南粳9108为试验材料,设置4个施氮量处理,即N_1(0kg/hm^2)、N_2(150kg/hm^2)、N_3(225kg/hm^2)、N_4(300kg/hm^2),5个直播密度处理,即D_1(90×10~4/hm^2)、D_2(180×10~4/hm^2)、D_3(270×10~4/hm^2)、D_4(360×10~4/hm^2)、D_5(450×10~4/hm^2)。【结果】随施氮量增加,机直播稻产量增加。在N_1、N_2和N_3施氮量下,机直播稻产量随直播密度增加先增后降,分别在D_4、D_3和D_2密度下获得最高产量,其最高产量分别为6.74、7.78和8.93 t/hm^2;在N_4施氮量下,水稻产量随直播密度增加而降低,在D_1密度下获得最高产量,为9.55 t/hm^2。不同施氮量下采用适宜直播密度可以提高水稻产量,其中N_4施氮量配套D_1直播密度机直播稻产量最高,其有效穗数适宜,穗型较大,生育中后期LAI较大、光合势高,生育后期群体生长率、净同化率和干物质积累量等指标均较优。【结论】机直播稻在300 kg/hm^2的高氮水平下易取得高产,配套适宜直播密度可进一步提高水稻产量,但从稻田绿色生产和节本增效角度考虑,机直播稻适当降低施氮量至225 kg/hm^2,配套180×10~4/hm^2直播密度仍可获得9 t/hm^2左右的产量,也值得推广。

Effects of Interaction Between Nitrogen Application Rate and Direct-sowing Density on Yield Formation Characteristics of Rice

【Objective】To reveal the effects of interaction between nitrogen application rate and direct-sowing density on yield formation characteristics of rice, 【Method】 Nanjing 9108, a japonica cultivar with good taste, was used as the experimental material. We designed four nitrogen application rates, namely N1(0 kg/hm2), N2(150 kg/hm2), N3(225 kg/hm2), N4(300 kg/hm2), and five direct-sowing densities, namely D1(90×104/hm2), D2(180×104/hm2), D3(270×104/hm2), D4(360×104/hm2), D5(450×104/hm2). 【Result】The rice yield increased with the increase of nitrogen rate. Under the nitrogen application rate of N1, N2, N3, the grain yield of rice was first increased and then decreased with the increase of direct-sowing density. Under these nitrogen application rates, the highest yield was 6.74 t/hm2, 7.78 t/hm2, 8.93 t/hm2, respectively, which was obtained at the direct-sowing densities of D4, D3, D2. Under the nitrogen rate of N4, the yield decreased with the increase of direct-sowing density, and the highest yield was 9.55 t/hm2, which was obtained at the direct-sowing density of D1. Appropriate direct-sowing densities under different nitrogen application rates can improve rice yield, among which the yield of N4D1 was the highest, due to its moderate number of stems and tillers, large panicle type and LAI in the mid- and late-growth stages, high photosynthetic potential and crop growth rate, superior net assimilation rate and dry matter weight in the later growth. 【Conclusion】Under the high nitrogen rate of 300 kg/hm2, mechanical direct-sowing rice can easily achieve high yield, and appropriate direct-sowing density can further improve rice yield. However, given green production and cost saving and efficiency increasing, to reduce the nitrogen rate to 225 kg/hm2, and the direct-sowing density to 180×104/hm2 can still obtain yield around 9 t/hm2, which is also worthy of promotion.