免耕玉米秸秆覆盖水稻的生育特性

 2002~2003年在大田条件下研究了玉米茬移栽稻不同耕作方式对杂交稻的产量和生长特性的影响。结果表明，玉米茬晚稻以免耕畦作玉米秸秆覆盖处理产量最高，免耕玉米秸秆不覆盖处理次之，分别比传统翻耕移栽增产121%~20.5%和7.5%~7.7%。主要表现在白根比例高，根系伤流量大，分蘖早生快发，干物质量高。玉米茬晚稻免耕畦作玉米秸秆覆盖处理各主要生育期叶面积指数大，叶绿素含量和叶片光合速率高，氮素的积累和吸收量大。免耕玉米秸秆不覆盖处理开花前生长较旺，但后期存在早衰现象。

Growth Characteristics and Yield of Hybrid Rice under No-tillage and Maize Straw Residue Mulching

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different tillage methods in maize stubble field on growth characteristics and yield of hybrid rice in 2002 and 2003.The tillage methods included ridge culture with no-tillage and maize straw residue mulching(P2),ridge culture without tillage and maize straw residue mulching(P1),and traditional tillage in maize stubble field(CK).Compared with conventional tillage method,rice plants under P2 and P1 had higher white root rate,more root exudate amount,more tillers and dry matter weight,which contributed to increase grain yield by 12.1-20.5% and 7.5-7.7%,respectively.Greater leaf area index,higher leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate,and more N accumulation were detected under P2 than under P1.There was vigorous growth before flowering and presenility at the maturity stage under P1.