不同气候生态条件下稻米品质性状的变异及主要影响因子分析

 通过多个不同类型品种的分期播种试验，分析了稻米品质诸性状在不同播期气候生态条件下的变异特征，并利用偏相关分析法对水稻灌浆结实期间若干气候生态因子的相对重要性进行综合评价。结果表明，稻米品质各性状可根据在不同播期条件下的变异系数大小划分为3种类型，其中垩白度对气候条件变化最敏感，粒形、粒长等性状较迟钝，而整精米率、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量等性状居中；同一品种晚播与早播相比，一般稻米的垩白度小、整精米率高、碱解值大，而直链淀粉含量的表现则与品种本身直链淀粉含量的高低有关；在影响稻米品质的诸气候生态因子中，水稻灌浆结实期间的日平均温度的作用最大，日平均太阳辐射、日平均温差和平均日照时数次之，而日平均相对湿度和日平均降雨量最小。

ariation of Rice Quality Traits under Different Climate Conditions and Its Main Affected Factors

Based on the experiment with 20 varieties and 11 sowing date, the variable parameter of 10 quality traits among 11 sowing date, also the relative important degree of those climate factors upon the quality traits were analysed by the partial correlation analysis. The result showed that 10 quality traits could be divided into three types according to its variation coefficient, in which the grain length and grain shape was stable, but chalkiness degree and alkali value was sensitive; compared with the earlier sowing date, there were lower chalkiness degree and higher head milled rice rate and alkali value in late sowing date. Considering amylose content, its trend had a close relationship with amylose content types of variety. The mean daily air temperature was the most important climate factor considering its effect upon rice quality, the second was daily mean temperature difference, daily mean sunshine, and daily mean solar radiation, but daily mean relative humidity and daily mean rainfall was less important to the variation of rice quality traits.