增加土壤温度对高海拔生态区水稻分蘖成穗及产量形成的影响

在高海拔寒冷稻作区,通过晒水池增温进行温水灌溉和垄作栽培提高土壤温度。垄作栽培、温水灌溉在移栽后到有效分蘖临界叶龄期的土壤日平均温差分别比常规栽培(对照)高2.94℃和0.57℃。通过调查有效分蘖临界叶龄期水稻的分蘖发生数量和质量,探讨增加土壤温度对水稻分蘖发生和产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,丽粳10号垄作栽培、温水灌溉成穗率比对照分别高14.59和0.14个百分点,大白谷分别高12.08和2.09个百分点。丽粳10号垄作栽培、温水灌溉的产量分别比对照高13.79%和10.82%,大白谷分别高13.35%和11.54%。土壤增温可促进高寒生态区水稻早发和干物质积累,增加有效分蘖,优化群体质量,提高成穗率和产量。

Effects of Temperature Increase of Soil on Productive Tiller Percentage and Yield of Rice in High Altitude Ecological Area

To study the effect of increased soil temperature on rice production, three treatments(ridge cultivation, warm-water irrigation by sunning water pool and conventional cultivation) were arranged in a field experiment. The soil daily average temperature difference under ridge cultivation and warm-water irrigation by sunning water pool was 2.94℃ and 0.57℃ higher than that under conventional cultivation in the period from rice transplanting to critical stage for productive tiller in high-altitude and cold area. The quantity and quality of rice tiller before critical stage for productive tiller as well as the influence of soil warming measures to rice tillering and yield components were studied in high altitude area. The results showed that compared to the conventional cultivation, the productive tiller percentage increased by 14.59 and 0.14 percent points under the ridge cultivation and warm-water irrigation, respectively for Lijing 10, and by 12.08 and 2.09 percent points for Dabaigu, respectively . The yield increased by 13.79% and 10.82% under the ridge cultivation and warm-water irrigation, respectively for Lijing 10, and by 13.35% and 11.54% for Dabaigu, respectively . The soil warming measures was helpful in promoting rice growth, accelerating tillering, increasing the accumulation of dry matter, optimizing the population quality and increasing productive tiller percentage and yield.