杂交粳稻主要农艺性状配合力的研究(英文)

 选用7个具有不同细胞质的粳稻雄性不育系与5个恢复系配组,测定了35个不完全双列杂交组合12个性状的配合力。结果表明,杂交粳稻F_1性状的形成,除了穗数主要受不育系一般配合力的作用以及单株产量和生物产量未发现恢复系一般配合力的作用以外,其余性状均同时受不育系,恢复系一般配合力和组合特珠配合力的作用。不育系和恢复系的一般配合力比组合特殊配合力起着更为重要的作用,而在一般配合力中,不育系的作用更大。据此认为,杂交粳稻强优势组合的选配,应特别重视不育系的选育;而在恢复系的选育方面,应注意类型上的多样化。文中根据主要经济性状配合力效应的综合表现对参试亲本的优劣作了评价,推荐BT型六干辛A、D型南粳34A和宁恢3-2、77302-1为优良的三系亲本:并参考组合的实际表现,鉴定出六千辛A/77302-1、六千辛A/宁恢3-2、南粳34A/77302-1和南粳34A/宁恢3-2等优良组合。这些结果与育种实践相符,表明配合力研究对杂交优势育种有指导意义。

Combining Ability of Some Agronomic characters in Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp, sinica)

The combining ability for 12 characters in hybrid rice (O. sativa L. subsp. sinica) was studied in a 7×5 diallele including 7 CMS lines (A lines) with different cytoplasms and 5 restorer lines (R lines). Most of the characters of sinica type hybrid rice were affected by the GCA effects of A and R lines and the SCA effects of the combinations. Number of panicles per plant, however, was mainly affected by GCA effects of A lines, and grain yield and biomass per plant were unaffected by GCA effects of R lines. The GCA effects of A and R lines played a more important role than their SCA effects, and for the GCA effects the A lines were more important than the R lines. So it was considered that more attention should be devoted to developing A lines. and the diversity of R lines must also be considered in the breeding of sinica rice hybrids, The parents were evaluated on their comprehensive expression of combining abilities of the main economic characters.The A lines of Liu-Qian-Xin A (BT type) and Nan-Jing 34 A (D type) and the R lines of Ning- Hui 3-2 and 77302-1 were recommended as better parents. The better combinations of Liu-Qian-Xin A/77302-1, Liu-Qian-Xin A/Ning-tui 3-2, Nan-Jing 34 A/77302-1 and Nan-Jing 34 A/Ning-Hui 3-2 were also identified. These results, which coincided with current hybrid breeding practices, verified the significance of combining ability in heterosis breeding.