我国主要水稻光温敏核不育系类型的气候适应性

 针对夏季低温对我国两系杂交稻制种生产的严重威胁，用1997~1998年由三亚、武昌、贵阳、南京4个生态点组成的“新不育系联合生态鉴定”试验资料，分析了以培矮64S为代表的实用低温敏类型不育系和以N5088S为代表的实用光敏类型不育系的育性光温影响规律。结果表明，培矮64S的育性受温度影响，育性稳定性较差，下限温度指标年际间和地区间变化较大；N5088S育性主要受日长影响，其临界光长同一地年际间差异小，但地区间差异较大。同时，用1951~1992年逐日平均气温和理论日长资料，分析和评价了我国南方稻区（18°14′~34°17′N）的三亚、南京、广州、福州、长沙、杭州、南京、高邮、徐州等9个城市的光温特征及其时空规律。在此基础上，从生态角度提出了克服夏季低温危害两系杂交稻制种的三项生态技术措施，一是要根据气候规律正确选择适宜的制种地区和季节；二是华中双季稻区应改秋制为春制或选择山区单季稻区秋制；三是应全面评价温敏和光敏类型不育系的特点，因气候合理地利用现有的水稻不育系资源。

Adaptability of Photo-Thermo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Line to Climate Condition in China

Based on the data from the experiment “joint ecologicaldetermination of new sterile lines” at Sanya, Wuchang, Nanjing, and Guiyang in 1997-1998, fertility variation of Pei′ai64S（a low temperature sensitive sterile line） and N5088S（a photoperiod sensitive sterile line）under different daylength and temperature condition was analyzed. The results showed that the fertility of Pei′ai64S was dominantly affected by temperature and unstable，the critical low temperature for fertility conversion were different among years and cities; and that of N5088S was dominantly affected by daylength, difference of critical daylength for fertility conversion was small in different years in a city，but large in different cities. According to daily mean temperature and theoretical daylength in 1951-1992, space/time patterns in the southern rice region(18°14′-34°17′N), including the areas of Sanya, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Changsha, Hangzhou, Gaoyou，and Xuzhou, were assessed. From an ecological opinion, three techniques for overcoming cool summer injuries to the production of such rice seeds are presented, which are: selecting a appropriate region in a climatic condition; changing seeds production season from autumn to spring in double cropping rice areas, or moving to higher region of single rice cropping region for seeds production at autumn; evaluating comprehensively the features of temperature- and photoperiod-sensitive sterile lines, and rationally utilizing photo-thermo sensitive sterile line based on climatic condition.