中国不同时期玉米自交系聚类及杂优模式分析

以我国不同年代广泛推广玉米品种的32个自交系为材料,利用40对引物对每个自交系的单株样品进行SSR标记遗传多态性聚类分析,结果表明：32个自交系基本可以划分为6大类群,Ⅰ类为唐四平头群,包括黄早四、黄野四、昌7-2、吉444、西502、K12、掖81515和LX9801;Ⅱ类为改良Reid群,包括掖478、郑58、U8112、C8605-2和PH6WC;Ⅲ类为P类群,包括豫自87-1、沈137、齐319、X178和丹598;Ⅳ类为综合杂优群,包括矮金525、掖52106、综31和黄C,该类群与改良Reid群血缘相对较近;Ⅴ类为Lancaster群,包括本7884-7ht、C103、Mo17、Mo17ht、获唐黄、自330和PH4CV;Ⅵ类为旅大红骨群,包括E28、丹340和掖107。聚类结果与系谱来源基本一致但存在差异性,说明SSR标记技术基本可以应用于玉米自交系优势类群的划分。分析我国不同年代单交种杂种优势模式演化规律,认为Reid×唐四平头、Reid×Lancaster是今后我国玉米育种杂种优势利用的主流模式。

Key Inbred Lines Cluster Analysis and Heterosis Model Analysis of Different Period Maize Hybrids in China

Heterosis groups were classified by cluster analysis with SSR based on 32 maize inbred lines of different period utilized widely hybrids maize production in China.The results showed that 32 inbred lines could be classified into 6 groups.GroupⅠconsisting of Huangzaosi,Huangyesi,Chang7-2,Ji444,Xi502,K12,Ye81515 and LX9801 was included in the Tangsipingtou heterosis group;group Ⅱconsisting of Ye478,Zheng58,U8112,C8605-2 and PH6WC was included in the Reid heterosis group;group Ⅲ consisting of Yuzi87-1,Shen137,Qi319,X178 and Dan598 belonged to a new heterosis group PN78599 which different from other groups;group Ⅳ consisting of Aijin525,Ye52106,Zong31 and HuangC belonged to a integrative heterosis group;group Ⅴ consisting of Ben7884-7ht,C103,Mo17,Mo17ht,Huotanghuang,Zi330 and PH4CV belonged to Lancaster heterosis group;group Ⅵ consisting of E28,Dan340 and Ye107 belonged to Lvdahonggu group.The six groups by cluster analysis with SSR markers conformed to the pedigree method on the whole,but it also expressed differences,the result of study indicated that it was practical to group maize inbred lines by SSR marker.The evolvement of different period maize hybrid＇s heterosis model indicated that Reid×Tangsipingtou and Reid×Lancaster were the primary model on heterosis application in China in the future.