耕作措施对燕麦田土壤水分、温度及出苗率的影响

为明确耕作措施对旱作燕麦田土壤水分、温度及出苗率的影响,以燕麦品种坝莜1号为材料,于2011-2013年在内蒙古清水河县进行耕作措施比较试验。结果表明,保护性耕作措施(免耕、春松和秋松)能明显减少农田冬闲期土壤水分散失,提高0~100cm土壤贮水量。在燕麦苗期,免耕、秋松、春松和秋翻处理的0~100cm各土层2年平均土壤含水量较春翻分别高出11.55%、9.66%、7.04%和1.22%。深松与免耕较翻耕在土壤温度较高时有一定的降温作用,在土壤温度较低时又具有一定的升温效应。燕麦出苗率表现为免耕春翻春松秋翻秋松。燕麦出苗率与苗期0~10cm土层土壤含水量呈极显著正相关,与其他土层土壤含水量和耕层土壤温度无明显相关性。综合考虑土壤水分、温度和出苗率,以免耕处理效果最佳。

Effect of Different Tillage Managements on Soil Water, Temperature and Emergence Rate in Oat Field

In order to determine the effects of different tillage managements on soil water, temperature and emergence rate in dryland oat field, this experiment was conducted with oat cultivar Bayou 1 as the test material under different tillage managements in Qingshuihe county, Inner Mongolia in 2011-2013. The results showed that conservation tillage could significantly reduce soil water loss during winter fallow and increase soil water storage in 0~100 cm depth. In oat seedling stage, the average soil water content in 0~100 cm soil layer of treatments of no-tillage (NT),subsoiling in autumn (SA),subsoiling in spring (SS) and plowing in autumn (PA) increased by 11.55%, 9.66%, 7.04% and 1.22% than that of plowing in Spring in 2 years. Compared with conventional tillage, some cooling effect of subsoiling tillage and NT on the soil temperature was observed while the soil temperature was higher, and some warming effect was observed while the soil temperature was lower. In 2 years, the highest emergence rate with an average of 93.8% was found in the NT treatment, with a trend as NT>PS>SS>PA>SA among those treatments. The emergence rate was very significantly and positively correlated with the soil water content of 0~10 cm layer, but no significant correlation was observed with soil water content in other soil layers and with topsoil temperature. The result showed that oat emergence rate was mainly determined by soil water content in 0~10 cm layers. Considering soil water, soil temperature and emergence rate, NT treatment was the best among those treatments.