高有机质土壤条件下施氮对强筋小麦产量及品质的影响

为研究高有机质含量土壤条件下施用氮肥对强筋小麦产量及品质的影响，选择土壤有机质含量为3．09％的地块，通过播前底施和拔节期追施等量氮肥（225kg／ha），对两个强筋小麦品种（8901-11和济麦20）的产量和部分生理及品质指标进行了研究。结果表明，增施氮肥有利于提高叶片叶绿素含量、氮素含量以及旗叶硝酸还原酶活性；施用氮肥可显著提高籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量、蛋白质产量、沉淀值、谷蛋白大聚合体及谷蛋白含量，且追施效果优于底施；追施氮肥可以更好地调节籽粒蛋白的组成及含量，从而改善籽粒营养及加工品质。对于清蛋白、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白等三种蛋白质组分的含量，不同小麦品种的施氮反应不尽相同。本试验中，施氮处理对8901-11的影响大于对济麦20的影响。

Effect of Nitrogen Treatment on Yield and Quality of Strong Gluten Wheat under the Condition of High Soil Organic Matter

Two strong gluten bread wheat cultivars(8901-11,Jimai20) in loam soil have been used to study the effect of different N fertilization treatments on the physiological indexes,yield and some quality characteristics in loam soil.The results show that under the condition of high soil organic matter,the physiological indexes of lamina such as chlorophyll content,the nitrogen content and the nitrate reductase activity improved by application of nitrogen.At the same time,the yield,the contents of grain protein,the yield of grain protein,protein components,glutenin content and of GMP also were improved.As a result,main quality parameters to bread such as sedimentation volume were increased too.There were different effects of nitrogen fertilizer on albumin,globulin and gliadin among different wheat varieties.Under the condition of the same amount of fertilizer,the effect of top-dressing fertilizer is better than basic fertilizer.The responses of different varieties are different to the application of N-fertilizer.The effect of N-fertilizer application on 8901-11 was more than that on Jimai 20 in the trial.