硅调控植物耐盐碱机制研究进展

盐碱胁迫会抑制植物的光合作用和正常生长发育,而硅对盐碱胁迫下植物的生长有重要调节作用。国内外研究结果表明,添加外源硅能有效促进盐碱胁迫下植物的光合作用,减少水分散失并促进有机渗透调节物质的合成,还能抑制植物体内积累过多的Na~+,使K~+/Na~+维持在平衡水平,从而缓解渗透胁迫;同时能提高植物体内相关抗氧化酶的活性,促进抗氧化物质合成,抵御氧化胁迫,达到提高植物耐盐性的目的。本文对这些研究结果进行了综述,并建议将现代遗传学、分子生物学、基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和传统生理生化手段结合起来,从更深层次揭示硅调控植物耐盐碱性的机理。

A Review on the Mechanism of Silicon Regulating Plant Tolerent to Saline-alkaline Stresses

Salt-alkali stresses can seriously inhibite plant photosynthesis, growth and development, while silicon plays an important role in regulating plant growth under saline-alkali stresses. It is believed that silicon can effectively promote plant photosynthesis, reduce leaf transpiration and alleviate osmotic stress by promoting the synthesis of organic osmotic regulatory substances under saline-alkali stresses.Furthermore, silicon can prevent the excessive entry of sodium into plant cell and reduce the loss of potassium, which is important to maintain the balance of potassium to sodium in plant cell, thereby alleviating osmotic. At the same time, it can increase the activity of related antioxidant enzymes in plants, promote the synthesis of antioxidants, resist oxidative stress, and achieve the purpose of improving salt-alkali tolerance of plants. Finally, it is suggested that modern genetics, molecular biology, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and traditional physiological and biochemical methods should be combined to reveal the mechanism of saline-alkaline tolerance of plants.