机播条件下行距与密度对小麦产量和品质的影响

为给小麦优质高产机械化栽培提供理论依据，在机播条件下，研究了密度、行距对小麦生长发育、产量、品质及光合速率的影响。结果表明，行距和基本苗对小麦籽粒产量均有影响。不同密度间产量差异达极显著水平，以基本苗240万·hm^-2产量最高；不同行距间产量差异显著，以20 cm行距产量最高;行距与密度互作对产量影响不显著。宽行距高密度有利于群体干物质积累。密度、年份及二者互作对部分籽粒品质指标有显著影响，不同行距间籽粒品质差异不大。宽行距和低密度有利于小麦个体的生长发育，生育后期以行距24 cm、基本苗150万·hm^-2处理的净光合速率最高。在淮北地区适宜播期范围内，皖麦52优质高产栽培的适宜行距和基本苗分别为20 cm和240万·hm^-2。

Effects of Row Space and Density on Yield and Quality of Wheat under Condition of Machine Sowing

The growth, yield, quality and photosynthetic characteristics of wheat were studied under different row spaces and densities. The results showed that both row space and basic seedlings had effects on grain yield at significant or extremely significant level. The highest yield obtained at 2.4 million·hm^-2 basic seedlings, while row space under 20 cm. The interaction effect on yield between row space and basic seedlings had not reached significant level, but the basic seedlings, year and their interaction had a significant effect on grain quality. The values of F test were significant on the photosynthetic index among different treatments, and the net photosynthetic rate reached the highest level under 24 cm spacing and 1.5 million·hm^-2 in grain filling stage. The suitable treatment for Wanmai 52 was 20 cm spacing and 240 million·hm^-2 in Huaibei area while sowing at the normal stage.