水氮限量供给下两个高产小麦品种物质积累与水分利用特征

为给小麦节水高产高效栽培提供科学依据,以主栽小麦品种济麦22和石麦15为材料,在大田条件下,设置2个灌水水平春灌一水(W1)和春灌二水(W2)],在每个灌水水平下设置2个施氮量处理192kg.hm-2(N1)和270kg.hm-2(N2)],探讨了有限水氮供给条件下两品种的干物质生产与水分利用特征。结果表明:(1)在W1水平下,济麦22的N1与N2处理籽粒产量和水分利用效率无显著差异,石麦15的N1处理籽粒产量和水分利用效率显著高于N2处理;在W2水平下,两品种籽粒产量和水分利用效率均以N1处理较高;在相同施氮水平下,两品种籽粒产量和水分利用效率均以W2处理较高;在不同水氮处理下,济麦22籽粒产量和水分利用效率高于石麦15。(2)在相同灌溉水平下,两品种花后物质积累量和分配比例均以N1处理高于N2处理;在相同施氮水平下,两品种花后物质积累量和分配比例均以W2处理高于W1处理;2个品种比较,石麦15花后物质积累量和分配比例高于济麦22,而济麦22花前物质积累量及其对产量的贡献率高于石麦15。(3)在不同水氮处理下,济麦22总耗水量、土壤贮水消耗量及花后耗水比例均大于石麦15。综合上述结果认为,两小麦品种在W2N1水氮组合下可实现高产与水分高效利用的协调统一。

Dry Matter Accumulation and Water Utilization Characteristics of Two High yield Winter Wheat Cultivars under Limited Irrigation and Nitrogen Supply

To study dry matter accumulation and water utilization characteristics of two types of winter wheat cultivars under limited irrigation and nitrogen supply, a field experiment was carried out at Wuqiao experiment station of China Agricultural University in 2009-2010 growth seasons,using two main local wheat cultivars, Jimai 22 and Shimai 15. Two irrigation patterns were arranged with W1(spring irrigation at jointing stage) and W2(spring irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages), and respectively with two nitrogen fertilizer treatments:192 kg·hm^-2 (N1) and 270 kg·hm^-2 (N2). The results showed that under W1 level, in Jimai 22, there was no significant difference between N1 and N2 treatment in grain yield and water use efficiency, whereas in Shimai 15, higher grain yield and water use efficiency was achieved in N1 treatment than that in N2; and under W2 level, grain yield and water use efficiency of N1 treatment was higher than that of N2 treatment in both cultivars. Under the same N level, W2 treatment had higher grain yield and water use efficiency than W1 treatment in both cultivars. Under different irrigation and nitrogen treatments, grain yield and water use efficiency of Jimai 22 was higher than that of Shimai 15. Under the same irrigation level, dry matter accumulation amount and distribution rate after anthesis in N1 treatment was higher than in N2 ; and under the same N level, dry matter accumulation amount and distribution rate after anthesis in W2 treatment was higher than in W1 for both cultivars. Dry matter accumulation amount and distribution rate after anthesis of Shimai 15 was higher than that of Jimai 22. Under different irrigation and nitrogen treatments, ET, soil water consumption amount, water consumption ratio after anthesis of Jimai 22 were higher than that of Shimai 15. These results indicated that W2N1 treatment had higher grain yield and water use efficiency.