优化灌溉和施肥对冬小麦产量的影响

为了探讨传统水氮管理和优化水氮管理对冬小麦产量的影响，于1999～2000年在中国农业大学中德合作项目北京试验基地进行了包括灌溉、氮肥和秸秆3因素共18个处理组合的田间试验。传统水氮管理尽量模仿当地农民的生产实际，优化水氮管理以冬小麦生长发育的需要为原则，结合土壤水分和土壤养分的实测值来具体确定。结果表明，优化灌溉在节水11mm的情况下，小麦产量与传统灌溉无显著性差异；优化施氮与传统施氮相比，氮肥用量降低了75％，但产量并不降低；秸秆还田与秸秆不还田相比，冬小麦产量无明显变化。上述结果表明，在保持产量不降低的前提下，华北平原小麦生产中节水的空间相对较小，而节肥(指氮肥)的空间相对较大，优化施氮管理值得大力推广。

Effects of Optimized Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization

At Beijing experimental site of Sino-German cooperative project of China Agricultural University, a field trial that included 18 treatments with 3 factors was carried out for investigating the effects of optimized and traditional irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the grain yield of winter wheat in 1999- 2000. Traditional treatments of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization simulated as farmer as practice. Optimized ones were determined on both the crop requirements and the moisture and fertility of the soil. The results showed that there was no difference in winter wheat grain yield between traditional and optimized irrigation. However, optimized irrigation spared 11 mm irrigation water and optimized nitrogen fertilization spared 240 kg N/hm2. These results indicated that reduction of irrigation could be more difficult than that of nitrogen fertilization in order to maintain winter wheat yield on a high level in the North China Plain.