灌水对强筋小麦籽粒产量及营养品质的影响

为明确水地强筋冬小麦高产、优质、高效的灌溉技术，试验设3个灌水时期8个灌溉处理［越冬期灌1水（W₁），拔节期灌1水（W₂），孕穗期灌1水（W₃），越冬期和拔节期灌2水（W₁₂），越冬期和孕穗期灌2水（W₁₃），拔节期和孕穗期灌2水（W₂₃），越冬期、拔节期和孕穗期灌3水（W₁₂3），全生育期不灌水处理（CK）］,于小麦成熟期测定籽粒产量、总蛋白及其组分含量和淀粉含量。结果表明，与不灌水的CK比较，所有灌水处理的籽粒产量、有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、蛋白质产量以及籽粒淀粉含量均显著增加，但籽粒的总蛋白及其组分含量均呈不同程度降低（W₁处理除外）。越冬期灌水对有效穗数、籽粒产量、总蛋白及其组分含量、淀粉含量的提升作用较大；拔节期灌水对穗粒数的提升作用较大，但对淀粉含量的提升作用较小，对总蛋白及其组分含量的降低作用较大；孕穗期灌水对千粒重的提升作用较大，对蛋白质产量的提升作用较小。随着灌水次数增加，小麦籽粒产量显著提高，淀粉含量先显著提高后基本不变，而籽粒总蛋白及其组分含量降低。W₁₂3处理籽粒产量最高，其次是W₁₃处理；W₁处理籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量最高，其次是W₁₂及W₁₃处理；W₂₃处理淀粉含量最高，其次是W₁₂或W₁₃处理。综合各项指标，最好的灌水组合是越冬期和孕穗期灌2水（W₁₃）。

Effect of Irrigation on Grain Yield and Nutritional Quality of Strong Gluten Wheat

A field experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of irrigation on yield,quality and efficiency of strong gluten winter wheat in irrigated land in middle of Shanxi Province.Three irrigation stages and eight irrigation treatments were set up:Irrigation once at overwintering stage(W₁),jointing stage(W₂) and booting stage(W₃),respectively,irrigation twice at overwintering-jointing stages(W₁₂),overwintering-booting stages(W₁₃) and jointing-booting stages(W₂₃),respectively,and irrigation three times at overwintering-jointing-booting stages(W₁₂3),with no irrigation during whole wheat growth season as the control(CK). Grain yield and quality characteristics,such as the contents of total protein and its components and starch of winter wheat with strong gluten were determined at maturity. The results indicated that compared with control treatment with no irrigation,all irrigation treatments significantly increased grain yield,the number of productive ears,the number of grains per ear,1 000-kernel weight,protein yield and starch content,but the contents of total protein and its components in wheat grains were decreased in other treatments except W₁. Irrigation at overwintering stage had the greatest promotion effect on the number of ears per unit area,grain yield,the contents of total protein and its components and starch. Irrigation at jointing stage had the greatest effect on the number of grains per ear,but the least effect on starch content,and had the largest reduction effect on the contents of total protein and its components. Irrigation at booting stage had the greatest effect on 1 000-kernel weight,but the least effect on protein yield. In terms of irrigation frequency,with the increase of irrigation times,wheat grain yield was significantly increased and starch content was obviously increased firstly and then remained unchanged,while the contents of total protein and its components in wheat grains were reduced. The grain yield was highest under W₁₂3,followed by W₁₃. The contents of total protein and its components in wheat grains were ranked as W₁>W₁₂ and W₁₃. The starch content was in the order of W₂₃>W₁₂or W₁₃.Based on these results comprehensively,W₁₃,i.e. irrigation twice at overwintering-booting stages,is the optimal treatment.